Ontologia
Palmiste Blanc

Palmiste Blanc

Dictyosperma album(Bory) Scheff.

CRLR Monde (IUCN)
1 photo · Licences CC (Wikimedia Commons / iNaturalist)Click pour agrandir
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Graphe en cours d’indexation

Calcul du tissu écologique de Dictyosperma album.

Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).

Liste rouge IUCN

CR · En danger critiquecritères C2a(i)Décroissante
Évaluation complète
Évaluation
2024 · v3.1
Altitude
0625 m
Profondeur
m
État de la populationExpert

The species is categorized as Critically Endangered under C2a(i) as the population is 169 individuals with less than 50 individuals in each known wild subpopulation (24 individuals for D. album var. album in Mauritius, the largest subpopulation being seven for D. album var. album in La Réunion, one individual for D. album var. aureum in Rodrigues, one individual for D. album var. conjugatum on Round Island).

In total, the population of Dictyosperma album is 169 individuals. There is only one known wild individual of both D. album var. conjugatum and D. album var. aureum. For D. album var. album, Mauritius has a known population of 24 and La Réunion has a known population of 143. This does not include any planted individuals from conservation efforts as they are not yet naturally producing viable offspring or those cultivated in plantations for the palm heart trade or for ornamental use. Each island has conservation efforts underway to propagate these varieties, though hybridization with the more widespread variety D. album var. album, may affect these efforts.

Historic explorer accounts for each of the islands have given a limited baseline for spread and abundance of each of the varieties across the Mascarenes. Generally, this species was abundant on each of the islands, which continued to decline over the 19th and 20th centuries, and there have been rapid declines in the wild subpopulations since the mid-1850s to the present (Lloyd 1846, Balfour 1879, Cordemoy 1895, Maunder et al. 2002). Average population decline over all the varieties compared to historic reporting of abundance is over 90% (Cordemoy 1896, Guého 1988, Maunder et al. 2002, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation 2012–2021).

Menaces identifiées(5 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

  • 11_4
    Storms & flooding
    Rapid DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing
  • 5_3_1
    Intentional use: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]
    UnknownUnknownOngoing
  • 8_3
    Introduced genetic material
    UnknownWhole (>90%)Unknown
  • 11_2
    Droughts
    Slow, Significant DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing
  • 8_1_1
    Unspecified species
    Slow, Significant DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesExpert

This species and its varieties face similar threats, to different degrees of impact. All varieties are affected by invasive flora and fauna, as well as the effects that climate change will bring to the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Both D. album var. aureum and D. album var. conjugatum face extinction in the wild by a single event (e.g. intense cyclones, drought etc.). Both are also affected by potential hybridization with D. album var. album which may have an effect on current re-introduction programmes. Additionally, D. album var. album faces threats of illegal harvesting due to its importance to domestic trade within the Mascarenes, as well as the unmitigated spread of invasive flora and fauna.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

  • 1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
  • 1_6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
  • 6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
Mesures de conservation recommandéesExpert

Conservation work has been unequal among the varieties and the countries that oversee their management. However, this work has been slowly seeing success, with important habitat being preserved, propagation increasing and numerous re-introductions. Within Mauritius, conservation efforts for D. album var. album is overseen by the National Parks and Conservation Service and the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, while D. album var. conjugatum is overseen by Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust and the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. In Rodrigues, conservation efforts for D. album var. aureum is also overseen by the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, along with the Rodrigues Forestry Service. In La Réunion, conservation efforts for D. album var. album is overseen by Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin and the Parcs Nationaux de France. All varieties have some level of re-introduction regime occurring, as well as protection under Management Areas and restoration activities underway in surrounding habitat. Seed banking is underway for D. album var. aureum and D. album var. conjugatum, as well as invasive species management.

Actions de conservation (3)Expert
  • 2_3Habitat & natural process restoration
  • 3_2Species recovery
  • 3_4_2Genome resource bank
Stress écologiques (5)Expert
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_2Species disturbance
  • 2_3_1Hybridisation
  • 2_3_2Competition
Usage & commerce (3)Expert
  • 1Food - human
    internationalnationalsubsistance
  • 13Pets/display animals, horticulture
    subsistance
  • 9Construction or structural materials
    nationalsubsistance
Priorités de recherche (1)Expert
  • 1_1Taxonomy
Niche IUCN globaleExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Afrotropical

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Formes de croissance

Tree - large
Références bibliographiques (30)Expert
  1. IUCN. 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 27 June 2024).
  2. CBNM. 2022. Mascarine Cadetiana. Online Database. Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin. Available at: <a href="https://mascarine.cbnm.org/index.php">https://mascarine.cbnm.org/index.php</a>.
  3. Cole, N. 2021. Franklinia Project Progress Report, Interim Y1. Unpublished Report. Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey.
  4. IUCN. 2021. Coloraie du Volcan Forest Managed Biological Reserves Réserves biologiques dirigées (RBD) de la forêt de la Coloraie du Volcan. Website Page. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Available at: <a href="https://iucngreenlist.org/sites/coloraie-du-volcan-forest-managed-biological-reserves/">https://iucngreenlist.org/sites/coloraie-du-volcan-forest-managed-biological-reserves/</a>.
  5. Moorehouse-Gann, R.J, Vaughan, I.P., Cole, N.C., Goder, M., Tatayah, V., Jones, C., Mike, D., Young, R., Bruford, M., Rivers, M., Hipperson, H., Russo, I.R., Stanton, D., and Symondson, W. 2021. Impacts of herbivory by ecological replacements on an island ecosystem. <i>Journal of Applied Ecology</i>.
  6. Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. 2020-2022. <i>Dictyosperma album</i> var. <i>conjugatum</i> Monthly Monitoring Database – Ile aux Aigrettes. Unpublished Database. MWF, Vacoas.
  7. Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. 2020-2021. Round Island Rare Plant Surveys. Unpublished Spreadsheets. MWF, Vacoas.
  8. Saliman-Hitillambeau, M. 2020. <i>La flore et la faune originelles des Mascareignes</i>. Orphie, France.
  9. IUCN. 2020. Réunion National Park, a World Heritage Site hosting new discoveries. Website Page. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Available at: <a href="https://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/202005/reunion-national-park-a-world-heritage-site-hosting-new-discoveries">https://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/202005/reunion-national-park-a-world-heritage-site-hosting-new-discoveries</a>.
  10. IUCN. 2020. BEST: Two new biological reserves in La Reunion. Website Page. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Available at: <a href="https://www.iucn.org/news/aires-protegees/202009/best-two-new-biological-reserves-la-reunion">https://www.iucn.org/news/aires-protegees/202009/best-two-new-biological-reserves-la-reunion</a>.
  11. Cattiaux, J., Chauvin, F., Bousquet, O., Malardel, S., and Tsai, C. 2020. Projected changes in the Southern Indian Ocean cyclone activity assessed from high-resolution experiments and cmip5 models. <i>Journal of Climate</i> 33(12): 4975-4991.
  12. Réunion 1. 2020. Braconnage de palmistes à La Réunion : le Parc National tire la sonnette d'alarme à l'approche des fêtes. Website Page. France Info TV. Available at: <a href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/braconnage-de-palmistes-a-la-reunion-le-parc-national-tire-la-sonnette-d-alarme-a-l-approche-des-fetes-905050.html">https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/braconnage-de-palmistes-a-la-reunion-le-parc-national-tire-la-sonnette-d-alarme-a-l-approche-des-fetes-905050.html</a>.
  13. Lambdon, P. 2020. Round Island Restoration 2020. Unpublished Report. Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Vacoas.
  14. Life + Fôret Sèche. 2020. Dictyosperma album. Website Page. Parc Nationale de La Réunion. Available at: <a href="https://www.foretseche.re/fiche/dictyosperma-album/">https://www.foretseche.re/fiche/dictyosperma-album/</a>.
  15. Florens, F.B.V. and Baider, C. 2019. Mass-culling of a threatened island flying fox species failed to increase fruit growers’ profits and revealed gaps to be addressed for effective conservation. <i>Journal for Nature Conservation</i> 47: 58-64.
  16. Lambdon, P. 2019. Round Island Habitat Survey 2017-2018 Apendix 3 : Species Accounts. Unpublished Report. Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey.
  17. UICN Comité Français, MNHN and CBIG. 2019. <i>La Liste rouge des espèces menacées en France – Chapitre Flore vasculaire de Guadeloupe.</i> Paris, France.
  18. Kingston, T., Florens, V., Oleksy, R., Ruhomaun, K. and Tatayah, V. 2018. <i>Pteropus niger</i>. <i>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</i> 2018(1): e.T18743A86475525. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T18743A86475525.en.
  19. RIMPG. 2018. Round Island Management Plan 2019-2025. Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, National Parks and Conservation Service, Forestry Service, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Vacoas.
  20. Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P.R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J.B.R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M.I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M., Waterfield, T. 2018. Summary for Policymakers. In: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty . Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
  21. Florens, F.B.V., Baider, C., Marday, V., Martin, G.M.N., Zmanay, Z., Oleksy, R., Krivek, G., Vincenot, C., Strasberg, D. and Kingston, T. 2017a. Disproportionately large ecological role of a flying fox species in native forests of an oceanic island. <i>Journal for Nature Conservation</i> 40: 85-93.
  22. Republic of Mauritius. 2017. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2017-2025). Government Report. Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Port Louis.
  23. Vincenot, C., Florens, F.B.V. and Kingston,T. 2017. Can we protect island flying foxes? <i>Science</i> 355(6332): 1368-1370.
  24. Florens, F.B.V., Baider, C., Seegoolam, N.B., Zmanay, Z. and Strasberg, D. 2017. Long-term declines of native trees in an oceanic island`s forests invaded by alien plants. <i>Applied Vegetation Science</i> 20: 94-105.
  25. Bissessur P., Baider, C. and Florens, F.B.V. 2017. Rapid population decline of an endemic oceanic island plant despite resilience to extensive habitat destruction and occurrence within protected areas. <i>Plant Ecology and Diversity</i> 10(4): 293-302.
  26. Florens, F.B.V., Baider, C., Martin, G.M., Seegoolam, N.B., Zmanay, Z. and Strasberg, D. 2016. Invasive alien plants progress to dominate protected and best-preserved wet forests of an oceanic island. <i>Journal for Nature Conservation</i> 34: 93-100.
  27. Walsh, K. J. E.; McBride, J. L.; Klotzbach, P. J.; Balachandran, S.; Camargo, S. J.; Holland, G.; Knutson, T. R.; Kossin, J. P.; Lee, T.; Sobel, A.; Sugi, M. 2016. Tropical cyclones and climate change. <i>Wires Climate Change</i> 7(1): 65-89.
  28. Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security <i>et al.</i>. 2016. National Strategic Action Plan For the Conservation and Sustainable Use For Crop Wild Relatives For the Republic of Mauritius. Unpublished Report. Republic of Mauritius.
  29. Republic of Mauritius. 2016. National Strategic Action Plan for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Crop Wild Relatives for the Republic of Mauritius. Draft Report. Government of Mauritius, Port Louis.
  30. Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. 2016. Annual Report July 2015-June 2016. Unpublished Report. MWF, Vacoas.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Expert
assessor
Cottrill, C., Tatayah, V., Baider, C., Florens, F.B.V., Jhangeer-Khan, R., Goder, M. & Dymond, B.
contributor
Cole, N.
evaluator
Baker, W.J. & Beech, E.

Cottrill, C., Tatayah, V., Baider, C., Florens, F.B.V., Jhangeer-Khan, R., Goder, M. & Dymond, B. 2024. Dictyosperma album. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T62324A68090037. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Répartition mondiale (heatmap GBIF)Construction en cours

0 obs · 0 cellules
Construction par partitions temporelles GBIF0%

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.2° × 0.2° (~22km). Filtre qualité : précision coordonnée < 10 km. Coloration quantile (q50/70/90/99). Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Distribution mondiale

Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s

Phénologie

Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s

Consulter sur les bases externes

Observations & statuts

Cartographie

Bibliographie

Note nomenclaturale & synonymesExpert

Note nomenclaturale

TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHN

Synonymes (2)— redirigent vers cette page

  • Areca albaBory
  • Linoma alba(Bory) O.F.Cook

Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).