Cycas circinalis
L.
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Graphe en cours d’indexation
Calcul du tissu écologique de Cycas circinalis.
Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).
Liste rouge IUCN
EN · En dangercritères A2cd+4cd↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2023 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 100 – 1000 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
Cycas circinalis has been recorded from at least 12 locations with numbers of plants ranging from 100 to >1,500 plants per location. These are typically the minimum number of plants per site and do not represent an exhaustive count of all plants in the subpopulation. These numbers provide a lower population estimate of 5,900 plants and the upper estimate is considered to be ca. 7,000 plants.
1. Coonoor, Kotagiri, northeast slopes of Niligris (1,000 m), Tamil Nadu, > 500 individuals (dry deciduous forest, savanna woodland)
2. Mettupalayam hills (500-300 m), Tamil Nadu, <500 individuals (Riparian zone)
3. Pillur Slopes (800-500 m), Tamil Nadu, <500 individuals (semi-evergreen, savanna woodlands and dry deciduous forests)
4. Annamalais, South Tamil Nadu, >300 individuals (teak plantations, moist deciduous forests)
5. Kalakad Mundanthurai Wild life Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, >300 individuals (savanna woodlands, teak plantations, semi-evergreen forests)
6. Nilambur North, Malppuram district, Kerala (500-300 m), >1,000 individuals (semi-evergreen, moist deciduous, teak plantations)
7. Silent Valley National Park, Palghat, Kerala (500-300 m), >200 individuals (teak plantations, moist deciduous and riparian)
8. Idukki district, Kerala, >300 individuals (moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests)
9. Achenkovil forests, South Kerala (300 m), >500 individuals (teak plantations, moist deciduous, semi-evergreen and riparian)
10. Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, >200 individuals (semi-evergreen, moist deciduous and Areca plantations)
11. Melkote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, (500-300 m), <1,500 individuals (scrub forests)
12 Chamundi hills, Karnataka, >100 individuals, (scrub forests)
1. Coonoor, Kotagiri, northeast slopes of Niligris (1,000 m), Tamil Nadu, > 500 individuals (dry deciduous forest, savanna woodland)
2. Mettupalayam hills (500-300 m), Tamil Nadu, <500 individuals (Riparian zone)
3. Pillur Slopes (800-500 m), Tamil Nadu, <500 individuals (semi-evergreen, savanna woodlands and dry deciduous forests)
4. Annamalais, South Tamil Nadu, >300 individuals (teak plantations, moist deciduous forests)
5. Kalakad Mundanthurai Wild life Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, >300 individuals (savanna woodlands, teak plantations, semi-evergreen forests)
6. Nilambur North, Malppuram district, Kerala (500-300 m), >1,000 individuals (semi-evergreen, moist deciduous, teak plantations)
7. Silent Valley National Park, Palghat, Kerala (500-300 m), >200 individuals (teak plantations, moist deciduous and riparian)
8. Idukki district, Kerala, >300 individuals (moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests)
9. Achenkovil forests, South Kerala (300 m), >500 individuals (teak plantations, moist deciduous, semi-evergreen and riparian)
10. Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, >200 individuals (semi-evergreen, moist deciduous and Areca plantations)
11. Melkote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, (500-300 m), <1,500 individuals (scrub forests)
12 Chamundi hills, Karnataka, >100 individuals, (scrub forests)
Menaces identifiées(2 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
2_1_2Small-holder farmingRapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing5_2_1Intentional use (species is the target)Rapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
The habitat where Cycas circinalis occurs has been substantially transformed by land clearing. Overall forest loss in Western Ghats was estimated as 35.3% of the total forest from 1920’s to 2013 (Reddy et al. 2016). Land clearing is thought to have destroyed >50% of the original habitat of Cycas circinalis. These cycads are also subject to harvesting for various uses, which may cause population declines if not managed at sustainable levels: cycad leaves are collected for the urban floricultural market; stems are chopped down for the extraction of pith; and seeds are harvested and used for food as a regular part of the diet.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry1_6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland1_9Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry3_6Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist3_7Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is listed in Appendix II of the CITES Appendices. Subpopulations occur in the Melkote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka and the Niligiri Biosphere Reserve located in the Western Ghats. The Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI) near Palode in Kerala was identified as an alternate centre for ex situ conservation of cycads. An education and awareness programme as well as the long-term monitoring of subpopulations will support the conservation of this species.
Actions de conservation (3)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_1Site/area protection1_2Resource & habitat protection4_3Awareness & communications
Stress écologiques (3)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality
Usage & commerce (4)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
1Food - humansubsistance11Other household goodsnationalsubsistance13Pets/display animals, horticulturenationalsubsistance3Medicine - human & veterinarynationalsubsistance
Priorités de recherche (5)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Taxonomy1_2Population size, distribution & trends1_3Life history & ecology1_6Actions3_1Population trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Indomalayan
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Formes de croissance
CycadTree - large
Références bibliographiques (10)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
- Reddy, C.S., Jha, C.S. and Dadhwal, V.K. 2016. Assessment and monitoring of long-term forest cover changes (1920–2013) in Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. <i>Journal of Earth System Science</i> 125: 103-114.
- Varghese, A. and Ticktin, T. 2008. <i>Cycas circinalis</i> in India. NDF Workshop Case Studies. Keystone Foundation in collaboration with People and Plants International and University of Hawaii.
- Lindstrom, A.J. and Hill, K.D. 2007. The genus <i>Cycas</i> (Cycadaceae) in India. <i>Telopea</i> 11(4): 463â??488.
- Prathapan, K.D. 2006. Conservation of cycads in India. <i>Current Science</i> 91(7): 862-863.
- Varghese, A. and Ticktin, T. 2006. Harvest, Trade, and Conservation of the Endemic Multi-use Cycad, <i>Cycas circinalis</i> L., in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, South India. Available at: <a href="http://cycadsg.org/publications/Cycas-circinalis-case-study.pdf">http://cycadsg.org/publications/Cycas-circinalis-case-study.pdf</a>.
- Singh, R., Radha, P. and Sharma, P. 2005. <i>Cycas annaikalensis</i> from the Western Ghats of India with a discussion on the specific limits of <i>Cycas circinalis</i> L. <i>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden</i> 97: 542-556.
- Whitelock, L.M. 2002. <i>The Cycads</i>. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
- Jones, D.L. 2002. <i>Cycads of the World</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
- Hill, K.D. 1995. The genus <i>Cycas</i> (Cycadaceae) in the Indian region, with notes on the application and typification of the name <i>Cycas circinalis</i>. <i>Taxon</i> 44(23-31).
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Bösenberg, J.D.
contributor
Varghese, A., Krishnamurthy, V., Ganesan, R. & Manu, K.
evaluator
Donaldson, J.S., Varghese, A. & Watve, A.
Bösenberg, J.D. 2023. Cycas circinalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T42089A2959396. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Consulter sur les bases externes
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (17)— redirigent vers cette page
- Cycas circinalisRoxb.
- Cycas circinalis f. circinalis
- Cycas circinalis f. undulata(Desf. ex Gaudich.) J.Schust.
- Cycas circinalis subsp. circinalis
- Cycas circinalis subsp. veraJ.Schust.
- Cycas circinalis var. angustifoliaMiq.
- Cycas circinalis var. angustifoliaL.
- Cycas circinalis var. circinalis
- Cycas circinalis var. veraJ.Schust.
- Cycas hameliniJ.Schust.
- Cycas rumphii f. undulata(Desf. ex Gaudich.) Kaneh.
- Cycas squamosaLodd.
- Cycas squarrosaLodd. ex G.Don
- Cycas squarrosaSteud.
- Cycas undulataDesf. ex Gaudich.
- Cycas wallichiiMiq.
- Palma polypodiifoliaMill.
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).