Cycas beddomei

Dyer

Plante

ENLR Monde (IUCN)

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Calcul du tissu écologique de Cycas beddomei.

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Liste rouge IUCN

EN · En dangercritères B1ab(ii,iii,v)+2ab(ii,iii,v)↘Décroissante

Évaluation complète

Évaluation: 2022 · v3.1
Altitude: 500 – 1165 m
Profondeur: – m

État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert

The population was originally regarded as having less than 1,000 mature individuals. However, detailed population studies across the entire range (from 2006-2008) indicate that the population is much larger than originally thought, with 390,000 individuals.

Population trend: The population is declining. Over the last four years about 5–10 % population has declined across its terrain due to various threats primarily due to fire in the Seshachalam Hills and to diseases in the Velikonda Hills (Rao et al. 2015).

Menaces identifiées(5 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

2_1_2
Small-holder farming
Ongoing
5_2_1
Intentional use (species is the target)
Ongoing
7_1_1
Increase in fire frequency/intensity
Ongoing
8_2_2
Named species
Ongoing
8_2_2
Named species
Ongoing

Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert

The main threats to species population are: forest fires in Seshachalam Hills (and grassfire which can effectively block reproduction), and pest attack in Velikonda Hills. The natural threats are in the form of hemipteran scale Saissetia coffeae and lepidopteran butterfly Chilades pandava in its natural habitat. In addition, harvesting of male cones for medicinal purposes, uprooting plants for ornamental purposes and occasional collection of individuals for pith extraction for flour making are other major threats (Rao et al. 2015). Land clearing may also have a negative effect on subpopulations.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry

Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert

This species is listed in Appendix I of CITES. The species' distribution range falls within Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve which encompasses Sri Venkateswara National Park, Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary and Sri Penusila Narasimhaswamy Wildlife Sanctuary. Since the species was listed under CITES no form of international trade has been recorded. Forest department intensive vigilance in view of illegal transport of Red Sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus) is imparting further protection to the species, and the forest department is also propagating the species through seeds (Rao et al. 2015). Currently under DBT project the species' population is being monitored and an ecological niche model for the species is being developed.

Research needed: Reproductive studies to understand infrequent seed setting are needed. Pest infection and control is another area of needed research. Standardised propagation methods for early germination is an additional key area for research.

Education needed: Sustained awareness programmes about the importance of the cycad, its endemism and significance as a threatened and flagship species is needed.

Actions de conservation (3)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert

1_1Site/area protection
1_2Resource & habitat protection
4_3Awareness & communications

Stress écologiques (11)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert

1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_2Ecosystem degradation
2_1Species mortality
2_1Species mortality
2_1Species mortality
2_2Species disturbance
2_2Species disturbance
2_3_7Reduced reproductive success
2_3_7Reduced reproductive success
2_3_7Reduced reproductive success
2_3_7Reduced reproductive success

Usage & commerce (2)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert

13Pets/display animals, horticulture
internationalnational
3Medicine - human & veterinary
nationalsubsistance

Priorités de recherche (5)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert

1_2Population size, distribution & trends
1_3Life history & ecology
1_4Harvest, use & livelihoods
1_6Actions
3_1Population trends

Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Indomalayan

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Formes de croissance

CycadShrub - large

Références bibliographiques (15)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert

IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
Rao, B.R.P., Naik, M.C., Salamma, S., Babu, M.V.S. and Rasingam, L. 2015. Discovery of a new sub-population, mapping and updated Red List Assessment of the endangered Cycas beddomei Dyer (Cycadales: Cycadaceae). Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(12): 7902-7909.
Rao, B.R.P., Babu, M.V.S. and Donaldson, J. 2010. A reassessment of the conservation status of Cycas beddomei Dyer (Cycadaceae), an endemic of Tirupati-Kadapa Hills, Andhra Pradesh, India, and comments on its CITES status. Encephalartos 102: 19-24.
Raju, A.S. and Jonathan, K.H. 2010. Reproductive ecology of Cycas beddomei Dyer (Cycadaceae), an endemic and critically endangered species of southern Eastern Ghats. Current Science 99(12): 1833-1840.
Rao, B.R.P., Suresh Babu, M.V., Khadar Basha, S. and Ganeshaiah, K.N. 2009. Current threat status of Cycas beddomei Dyer, an endemic species of the Tirupati-Kadapa hills, Andhra Pradesh, India. Encephalartos 96: 21-24.
Lindstrom, A.J. and Hill, K.D. 2007. The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in India. Telopea 11(4): 463-488.
Reddy, C. S., Reddy, K.N., Pattanaik, C. and Raju, V.S. 2006. Ethnobotanical observations on some endemic plants of Eastern Ghats, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 10: 82-91.
Hill, K.D. 2003. Cycas beddomei. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 August 2010.).
Rao, C.K., Geetha, B.L. and Suresh, G. 2003. Red List of Threatened Vascular Plant Species in India. Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Calcutta.
Jones, D.L. 2002. Cycads of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Whitelock, L.M. 2002. The Cycads. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Jadhav, S.N., Ved, D.K., Ghate, U., Reddy, K.N. and Reddy, Ch. S. 2001. Proceedings of the workshop on Conservation Assessment and Management Planning for medicinal plants of Andhra Pradesh. Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore.
Hill, K.D. and Stevenson, D.W. 1998 - 2006. The Cycad Pages. Available at: <a href="http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/index.html">http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/index.html</a>.
Nayar, M.P. and Sastry, A.R.K. (eds) 1987. Red Data Book of Indian Plants. Vol. 1. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

Évaluateurs & contributeurs (2)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert

assessor

Rao, B.R.P., Naik, M., Salamma, S., Babu, M. & Rasingam, L.

evaluator

Bösenberg, J.D., Varghese, A. & Watve, A.

⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.

Rao, B.R.P., Naik, M., Salamma, S., Babu, M. & Rasingam, L. 2022. Cycas beddomei (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T42036A243414555. Accessed on 05 May 2026.