Ceratostylis anceps

Jawa is a densely populated island and the biodiversity is now mostly preserved in mountainous areas (Yulia and Buidharta 2011). Habitats, particularly at lower altitudes are threatened by expanding agricultural areas, logging and human settlement and infrastructure. Human populations are denser in the centre and east and more forest remains in the west Comber (1990).

This species has been recorded from Mt Halimun Salak National Park. Mount Hailmun was declared a protected forest under the management of the Netherlands government (1924-34) and was established as a national park in 1992. Mount Halimun and Mount Salak with a corridor area were merged in 2003. The total area is 113,357 ha and forest cover is estimated to be about 60,000 ha (Kubo and Supriyanto 2010). A change from fence-and-fine to participatory conservation mechanisms in the park are reported to have led to improved relations between park rangers and local communities and improved cooperation in conservation measures (Kubo and Supriyanto 2010). This orchid is listed under Appendix II in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES 2016) to give protection from trade incompatible with species survival in the wild. Its status was given, in 1996, as 'of no present concern' (Whitten et al. 1996).