Cephalanthera cucullata

Boiss. & Heldr.

Plante

VULR Monde (IUCN)

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Filtrer le graphe par contexte spatialPays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Pas d'interactions documentées pour cette espèce.

Liste rouge IUCN

VU · Vulnérablecritères C2a(i); D1↘Décroissante

Évaluation complète

Évaluation: 2018 · v3.1
Altitude: 700 – 1500 m
Profondeur: – m

État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert

This species is localised, rare, and restricted to mountain areas on Crete. The population has been estimated to be c.500 individuals (Rankou et al. 2011) and c.300-450 individuals (EU Article 11 Habitat Directive reporting, 2007-2012), but is possibly higher (perhaps +/-1,000 individuals). It is shared between at least 11 localities (based on contiguous grid cells in the map in Kretzschmar et al. (2002), likely corresponding to three main subpopulations in the western, central, and eastern mountain areas). The western area holds around 150 known individuals (Thanos et al. 2013). In the framework of the CRETAPLANT project, an inventory of the localities and of the population was carried out (Thanos and Fournaraki 2007, Commission of the European Communities 2009) and the population trend was found to be decreasing, but it is not known if there is still now a continuing decline in the number of mature individuals. The EU Article 11 report for the period 2007-2012 considered the short-term population trend to be stable.

Menaces identifiées(4 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

11_1
Habitat shifting & alteration
UnknownUnknownFuture
5_3_2
Intentional use: (large scale) [harvest]
UnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing
2_3_2
Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming
Slow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
7_1_1
Increase in fire frequency/intensity
Slow, Significant DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing

Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert

This species is restricted to very fragile habitats, which are under serious threat (Thanos and Fournaraki 2007, Tsiftsis and Tsiripidis 2016). Subpopulations are severely threatened by erosion, road and path construction, deforestation and forest fires, but the overall threat is from overgrazing (Phitos et al. 2009). In most cases fires on Crete start in the lowlands and then spread into higher altitude zones where this species is found, burning the vegetation. Climate change is likely to impact mountain habitats in the future.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

1_4Forest - Temperate★

Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert

The species is recorded (EUNIS 2017) from five Natura 2000 sites on Crete (GR4320010, GR4340014, GR4320002, GR4330005, GR4340008). In the framework of the CRETAPLANT project a micro-reserve was established in the Lefka Ori Mountain range where actions for its protection have been applied (Thanos and Fournaraki 2007).

This species is:

Included under Annex B of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Included in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive.
Listed under Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention).
Protected by Presidential Decree 67/81.
Considered Endangered by the Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Flora of Greece (Phitos et al. 1995).
Was assessed as Endangered globally (Rankou 2011).

Conservation and monitoring actions are needed for this species:

Protection and management of known sites.
Control and management of grazing, for example through fencing of large areas or additional small cages to protect individual sub-populations.
Monitoring of climatic parameters (meteorological microstations).
Annual monitoring of reproductive population fluctuations and population trend.
Seed storage in the Seed Banks of MAICh and University of Athens.
Study of seed germination and the factors regulating annual regeneration of the species.

Actions de conservation (5)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert

1_1Site/area protection
2_1Site/area management
2_3Habitat & natural process restoration
3_3_1Reintroduction
3_4_2Genome resource bank

Stress écologiques (7)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert

1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
2_1Species mortality

Priorités de recherche (3)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert

1_2Population size, distribution & trends
1_3Life history & ecology
3_1Population trends

Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Palearctic

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Formes de croissance

Forb or HerbGeophyte

Références bibliographiques (13)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert

IUCN. 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 28 June 2018).
EUNIS. 2017. Biodiversity Database. Available at: <a href="http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/">http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/</a>. (Accessed: February 2017).
Tsiftsis, S. and Tsiripidis, I. 2016. Threat categories of the Greek orchids (Orchidaceae). Botanika Chronika 21: 43-74.
Thanos, C., Fournaraki, C., Georghiou, K. and Dimopoulos, P. 2013. PMRs in Western Crete. Plant Micro-Reserves: From Theory to Practice, pp. 27-36.
Rankou, H. 2011. Cephalanthera cucullata (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T161912A115686131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T161912A5512853.en. Cambridge (Accessed: Downloaded on 24 January 2018).
WCSPF. 2010. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: <a href="http://www.kew.org/wcsp/">http://www.kew.org/wcsp/</a>.
Commission of the European Communities. 2009. Composite Report on the Conservation Status of Habitat Types and Species as required under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Brussels.
Phitos, D., Constantinidis, T. and Kamari, G. (eds). 2009. The Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece. Volume One (A-D). Hellenic Botanical Society, Patras.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Data Portal. 2007. Biodiversity occurrence data provided by GBIF Data Portal, data.gbif.org. Available at: <a href="http://data.gbif.org/occurrences">http://data.gbif.org/occurrences</a>. (Accessed: March 2010).
Thanos, C.A. and Fournaraki, C. 2007. CRETAPLANT: A Pilot Network of Plant Micro-Reserves in Western Crete. Crete Available at: <a href="http://cretaplant.biol.uoa.gr/">http://cretaplant.biol.uoa.gr/</a>.
Kretzschmar, H., Kretzschmar, G. and Eccarius, W. 2002 . Orchideen auf Kreta, Kasos und Karpathos: Ein Feldführer durch die Orchideenflora der zentralen Inseln der Südägäis .: 416 p.
Delforge, P. 1995. Orchids of Britain and Europe. Delachaux et Niestlé SA, Lausanne.
Phitos, D., Strid, A., Snogerup, S. and Greuter, W. (eds). 1995. The Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece. WWF-Greece, Athens.

Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert

assessor

Véla, E.

contributor

Rankou, H., Delipetrou, P., Kaltsis, A. & Koutsovoulou, K.

evaluator

Tsiftsis, S. & Allen, D.J.

Véla, E. 2018. Cephalanthera cucullata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T161912A123982623. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Indicateurs écologiquesTolérance thermique · radar EIVE · triangle CSR

Indicateurs écologiques Ellenberg-type

EIVE 1.0 — Dengler 2023

Position de l'espèce sur les 5 dimensions écologiques européennes (M / N / R / L / T), échelle 0-10. La zone estompée représente la niche width (variabilité tolérée).

Humidité: xérophile ↔ hygrophile
Azote: oligotrophe ↔ nitrophile
Réaction (pH): silicicole ↔ calcicole
Lumière: sciaphile ↔ héliophile
Température: cryophile ↔ thermophile

Source : EIVE 1.0 (Dengler et al. 2023). CC-BY 4.0. Échelle harmonisée 0-10 (équivalent inverse-rang sur les systèmes Ellenberg, Landolt, Pignatti, etc.). Niche width = écart-type d'estimation, indicateur de fiabilité (zone estompée).