Chat de Temminck
Catopuma temminckii(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)
1 photo · Licences CC (Wikimedia Commons / iNaturalist)Click pour agrandir
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Chargement du graphe…
Indicateurs du réseau écologique
Comment lire ce graphe
Ce graphe représente les interactions écologiques documentées entre Catopuma temminckii et d'autres espèces, à partir de la base GloBI (Global Biotic Interactions, agrégation mondiale de la littérature scientifique) — source principale, complétée par d'autres jeux de données d'interactions agrégés par Ontologia. Il faut le comprendre comme une carte du savoir documenté, pas une carte de la réalité écologique exhaustive.
Limites principales
- Incomplet. La majorité des interactions écologiques en milieu naturel n'ont jamais été publiées. Une espèce sans liens visibles n'est pas isolée — elle est probablement mal étudiée.
- Biais publication pharmaco-agronomique. La littérature des interactions est polarisée par les enjeux économiques et sanitaires : parasitism / pathogen sur-pondéré sur les mammifères (recherche zoonoses, vecteurs), herbivory sur-pondéré sur les insectes phytophages (entomologie agronomique). À l'inverse, mutualisms, commensalisms et interactions sol/microbiote sont sous-cités. Conseil de lecture : sur les hubs mammifères ou les insectes ravageurs de culture, lire les arêtes parasitism / herbivory dominantes relativement au contexte de littérature, pas comme une mesure d'intensité écologique brute. Détails §10.1.
- Biaisé vers les espèces étudiées. Quelques espèces (oiseaux communs, abeille mellifère, espèces modèles) concentrent disproportionnellement plus d'interactions documentées. Notre score composite ajoute un malus aux hubs de littérature pour atténuer cette dominance visuelle.
- Interactions documentées globalement. Toutes les espèces affichées sont observées en France métropolitaine (les observations sont filtrées sur le territoire métropolitain), mais les interactions entre elles proviennent de la littérature scientifique mondiale. Une interaction documentée à l'étranger peut ne pas se réaliser à l'identique sur votre territoire. Le filtre « restreindre à ma commune » tient compte de la co-occurrence spatiale locale mais ne garantit pas l'interaction effective.
- Sans dimension temporelle. Les variations saisonnières (migration, floraison, cycle de vie) ne sont pas modélisées.
- Force d'interaction approximative. L'épaisseur des liens reflète le nombre de fois où l'interaction a été rapportée dans la littérature, pas son importance écologique réelle.
Comment nous sélectionnons les espèces affichées
Le graphe affiche au plus 31 nœuds par fiche (1 centre + 15 bulles depth=1 + 15 partenaires depth=2). Le serveur sélectionne intelligemment :
- Bulles famille créées si une cascade taxonomique existe ou si ≥3 espèces directement documentées partagent une même famille — les espèces sont absorbées dans la bulle (pas de doublon visuel)
- Espèces individuelles uniquement quand <3 dans une famille (sans cascade) — relations directes documentées
- Pas d'espèces inférées affichées en doublon — les cascades sont représentées via les bulles famille uniquement
- Partenaires depth=2 sélectionnés via algo priorité : candidat partagé par ≥2 docs de la famille (food web central) → reliant entre bulles → top sum_obs en dernier recours
- Sous-types GloBI traduits en français au survol de la flèche (chasse, parasite, parasitoïde, mycorhize…)
Le toggle Profondeur 1 ↔ 2 client-side cache ou affiche les partenaires depth=2 sans refetch. Filtres règne, type d'interaction, ordres/familles, patrimoniales et commune recalculent côté serveur (slow path live ~1-2 s).
Indicateurs avancés (mode expert) : Modularité Q (Newman 2006, PNAS), communautés (Louvain, Blondel et al. 2008, J. Stat. Mech.), nestedness NODF (Almeida-Neto et al. 2008, Oikos).
Source : GloBI · TAXREF v18 (INPN/MNHN) · BDC-Statuts · Wikidata
20 partenaires écologiques documentés directement dans GloBI.
Partenaires
20
Espèces avec interactions documentées
Types d'interactions
6
Prédation, pollinisation, parasitisme…
Connectance
0.057
Densité des liens dans le sous-graphe affiché
Rang animalia
86 %
Percentile vs ensemble des animalia
Liste rouge IUCN
VU · Vulnérablecritères A2cd↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2025 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 0 – 4600 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
As of this assessment no robust population estimates or population trends exist for the Asian Golden Cat. This lack of data makes it difficult to accurately assess the true population status of this species. Nonetheless, available evidence in the form of published camera-trap survey results suggests there has been a substantial population decline during the assessment period as evidenced by the species’ apparent disappearance from many areas across its range (Petersen et al. 2021), including several protected areas (e.g., Lao PDR’s Nakai – Nam Theun National Park, Coudrat et al. 2014, Coudrat 2019), landscapes (e.g., Cambodia’s Eastern Plains, Gray et al. 2012), and even countries (e.g., Viet Nam, Willcox et al. 2014). Indeed, multiple camera-trap surveys in otherwise suitable habitats have reported low numbers of detections or no detections at all (e.g., Moo et al. 2017). However, declines in population are expected to decrease in the future as the species becomes increasingly restricted to a few “safe” havens, mostly located in the Eastern Himalayas, Thailand, Malaysia, and Sumatra, provided that hunting pressures do not increase in these areas and remain unmitigated elsewhere (i.e., other populations will trend towards extinction; see Geographic Range / Population / Threats).
A recent modelling paper estimated the amount of habitat where Asian Golden Cats would be expected to occur at frequencies greater than chance (defined using predicted-to-expected ratios > 1.0, following Hirzel et al. 2006) has declined by 68% between 2000 and 2020 and is projected to decline by a further 18% between 2020 and 2040 (Petersen et al. 2021). However, a decline in habitat occupied/area of occupancy (AOO) generally does not translate to a 1:1 decline in population size. Therefore, we conservatively assume for this assessment that the percent decline in mature individuals is at least half of the percent decline in habitat/AOO, resulting in a suspected past population decline of 34% and projected future decline of 9% over the previous and next three generations, respectively. The assumption that the percent decline in mature individuals was half the percent decline in AOO, is based on the premise that declines in AOO are more likely to occur in areas with lower population densities (see Assessment Rationale for justification regarding the ratio of decline).
Although reliable population estimates are lacking, educated guesses can be made using simplistic assumptions (see Online Supporting Material for assumptions and country-by-country breakdown of population size). Borrowing heavily from published population estimates of the sympatric clouded leopard (Neofelis sp.), this assessment inferred a global population of approximately 7,000 mature Asian Golden Cat individuals (plausible range: 1,000–12,000; rounded to the nearest 1,000 to emphasize the lack of precision). Assuming a 34% decline over the past twenty years suggests the global population size in 2000 was approximately 10,000 mature individuals (1,000–18,000), resulting in a naïve calculated average additive mortality of 150 mature individuals per annum. However, these estimates should be interpreted with caution due to the simplistic assumptions and high degree of uncertainty in the estimates.
A recent modelling paper estimated the amount of habitat where Asian Golden Cats would be expected to occur at frequencies greater than chance (defined using predicted-to-expected ratios > 1.0, following Hirzel et al. 2006) has declined by 68% between 2000 and 2020 and is projected to decline by a further 18% between 2020 and 2040 (Petersen et al. 2021). However, a decline in habitat occupied/area of occupancy (AOO) generally does not translate to a 1:1 decline in population size. Therefore, we conservatively assume for this assessment that the percent decline in mature individuals is at least half of the percent decline in habitat/AOO, resulting in a suspected past population decline of 34% and projected future decline of 9% over the previous and next three generations, respectively. The assumption that the percent decline in mature individuals was half the percent decline in AOO, is based on the premise that declines in AOO are more likely to occur in areas with lower population densities (see Assessment Rationale for justification regarding the ratio of decline).
Although reliable population estimates are lacking, educated guesses can be made using simplistic assumptions (see Online Supporting Material for assumptions and country-by-country breakdown of population size). Borrowing heavily from published population estimates of the sympatric clouded leopard (Neofelis sp.), this assessment inferred a global population of approximately 7,000 mature Asian Golden Cat individuals (plausible range: 1,000–12,000; rounded to the nearest 1,000 to emphasize the lack of precision). Assuming a 34% decline over the past twenty years suggests the global population size in 2000 was approximately 10,000 mature individuals (1,000–18,000), resulting in a naïve calculated average additive mortality of 150 mature individuals per annum. However, these estimates should be interpreted with caution due to the simplistic assumptions and high degree of uncertainty in the estimates.
Menaces identifiées(15 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
2_1_3Agro-industry farmingRapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing2_2_2Agro-industry plantationsRapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing4_1Roads & railroadsRapid DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing5_1_2Unintentional effects (species is not the target)Rapid DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing1_1Housing & urban areasUnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing1_2Commercial & industrial areasUnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing1_3Tourism & recreation areasUnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing4_2Utility & service linesUnknownMajority (50-90%)Ongoing2_1_1Shifting agricultureSlow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing2_1_2Small-holder farmingSlow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
+ 5 menaces supplémentaires
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
The Asian Golden Cat faces multiple threats across its range, the most significant of which are habitat loss and illegal hunting. These threats, however, are not particularly well understood beyond reasonable inferences, as the species has received little dedicated research attention. As a forest dependent species, the Asian Golden Cat is threatened by the loss and degradation of forest habitats due to human activities, including agriculture, logging, mining, and infrastructure development projects. Rates of deforestation and forest disturbance across large parts of the species’ range remain the highest in the world despite improvements in environmental governance since the 1990s (Stibig et al. 2014, Liu et al. 2023). Deforestation is almost invariably accompanied by high levels of illegal hunting, either by those implementing the deforestation or by providing new access points for poachers (see discussion below). In addition, the indirect loss of functional connectivity due to habitat loss and degradation is likely impacting the viability of many individual populations. This loss of connectivity is likely to get worse in the future, particularly in Myanmar and the Eastern Himalayas where proposed infrastructure projects (i.e., hydropower, roadways, railways) are expected to become a significant issue for wildlife (e.g., Grumbine and Pandit 2013, Kaszta et al. 2020). Illegal hunting poses a significant threat to the Asian Golden Cat and likely represents the single greatest driver of population declines over the past three generations (Petersen et al. 2021).
Asian Golden Cats appear to be highly sensitive to indiscriminate wire snaring based on several lines of evidence. This is most immediately apparent considering the species’ disappearance from industrially snared areas, as documented by long-term monitoring studies (e.g., Nakai-Nam Theun National Park; Coudrat et al. 2014, Coudrat 2019). Indeed, across the species’ range there have been a number of camera-trap surveys in otherwise suitable habitats, including in large, forested landscapes (1,000+ km2), reporting low numbers of detections or no detections at all (e.g., Gray et al. 2012, Willcox et al. 2014, Moo et al. 2017). A review of 145 published camera-trap surveys from forests across the Asian Golden Cat’s range found more than half (54%) did not detect the species (Petersen et al. 2021). These negative findings were primarily concentrated in China, Viet Nam, Cambodia, and Lao PDR, countries that have experienced the most dramatic levels of trade-driven hunting and indiscriminate wire-snaring (Harrison et al. 2016, Gray et al. 2018, Tilker et al. 2019). However, significant population declines due to illegal hunting are not expected to be restricted to these countries. Indeed, in Myanmar, traders at illegal wildlife markets had expressed to surveyors that Asian Golden Cats were very rare in parts of the country as early as 2000, with the traders citing over-hunting as the cause (Shepherd and Nijman 2008).
Additional possible threats to Asian Golden Cats that are either local in nature or require further research and analysis include, but are not limited to, retaliatory killing in response to livestock depredation (e.g., McCarthy 2013), prey depletion (Wolf and Ripple 2016), and inbreeding (Saunders et al. 1991).
Asian Golden Cats appear to be highly sensitive to indiscriminate wire snaring based on several lines of evidence. This is most immediately apparent considering the species’ disappearance from industrially snared areas, as documented by long-term monitoring studies (e.g., Nakai-Nam Theun National Park; Coudrat et al. 2014, Coudrat 2019). Indeed, across the species’ range there have been a number of camera-trap surveys in otherwise suitable habitats, including in large, forested landscapes (1,000+ km2), reporting low numbers of detections or no detections at all (e.g., Gray et al. 2012, Willcox et al. 2014, Moo et al. 2017). A review of 145 published camera-trap surveys from forests across the Asian Golden Cat’s range found more than half (54%) did not detect the species (Petersen et al. 2021). These negative findings were primarily concentrated in China, Viet Nam, Cambodia, and Lao PDR, countries that have experienced the most dramatic levels of trade-driven hunting and indiscriminate wire-snaring (Harrison et al. 2016, Gray et al. 2018, Tilker et al. 2019). However, significant population declines due to illegal hunting are not expected to be restricted to these countries. Indeed, in Myanmar, traders at illegal wildlife markets had expressed to surveyors that Asian Golden Cats were very rare in parts of the country as early as 2000, with the traders citing over-hunting as the cause (Shepherd and Nijman 2008).
Additional possible threats to Asian Golden Cats that are either local in nature or require further research and analysis include, but are not limited to, retaliatory killing in response to livestock depredation (e.g., McCarthy 2013), prey depletion (Wolf and Ripple 2016), and inbreeding (Saunders et al. 1991).
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
1_4Forest - Temperate★1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry★1_6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland★1_9Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane★14_3Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14_4Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens14_6Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry3_6Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist3_7Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude3_8Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4_5Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
+ 2 habitats supplémentaires
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
The Asian Golden Cat is listed under Appendix I of CITES and formally protected by national legislation over most of its range. However, in all range countries, the implementation of conservation laws faces challenges, including limited resources and governance issues.
Protected areas represent the primary means of protecting the species and its habitat. However, populations have declined even within protected areas and overlap between protected areas and areas predicted to be suitable is estimated to be low in some parts of its range (Greenspan et al. 2020, Petersen et al. 2021). Expanding protected area coverage in a significant or meaningful manner is likely not feasible for the foreseeable future. Therefore, improving the effectiveness of existing protected area management is paramount to the species’ long-term survival.
There has been an increase in camera-trap surveys across the species’ range since the last assessment. Most of these surveys have targeted large popular mammals, including Tiger, Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia), bears (Ursidae), and Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis). These surveys have certainly improved our understanding of the Asian Golden Cat’s status, albeit to a limited degree. Expanding survey efforts to new areas where these ‘flagship’ species do not occur is likely to provide new insights into the Asian Golden Cat’s current distribution and population (Petersen et al. 2021).
Given that much of the Asian Golden Cat’s habitat occurs in transboundary conservation landscapes (e.g., Greenspan et al. 2020, Petersen et al. 2021) the species should be considered in transboundary conservation planning (Farhadinia et al. 2021).
Protected areas represent the primary means of protecting the species and its habitat. However, populations have declined even within protected areas and overlap between protected areas and areas predicted to be suitable is estimated to be low in some parts of its range (Greenspan et al. 2020, Petersen et al. 2021). Expanding protected area coverage in a significant or meaningful manner is likely not feasible for the foreseeable future. Therefore, improving the effectiveness of existing protected area management is paramount to the species’ long-term survival.
There has been an increase in camera-trap surveys across the species’ range since the last assessment. Most of these surveys have targeted large popular mammals, including Tiger, Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia), bears (Ursidae), and Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis). These surveys have certainly improved our understanding of the Asian Golden Cat’s status, albeit to a limited degree. Expanding survey efforts to new areas where these ‘flagship’ species do not occur is likely to provide new insights into the Asian Golden Cat’s current distribution and population (Petersen et al. 2021).
Given that much of the Asian Golden Cat’s habitat occurs in transboundary conservation landscapes (e.g., Greenspan et al. 2020, Petersen et al. 2021) the species should be considered in transboundary conservation planning (Farhadinia et al. 2021).
Actions de conservation (12)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_1Site/area protection2_1Site/area management3_1_2Trade management4_1Formal education4_2Training4_3Awareness & communications5_1_1International level5_1_2National level5_1_3Sub-national level5_4_1International level5_4_2National level5_4_3Sub-national level
Stress écologiques (84)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects1_3Indirect ecosystem effects2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_5Inbreeding2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success2_3_7Reduced reproductive success
Usage & commerce (6)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
1Food - humansubsistance12Handicrafts, jewellery, etc.internationalnationalsubsistance13Pets/display animals, horticultureinternationalnationalsubsistance16Establishing ex-situ production *internationalnationalsubsistance17Other (free text)internationalnationalsubsistance3Medicine - human & veterinaryinternationalnationalsubsistance
Priorités de recherche (10)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends1_3Life history & ecology1_5Threats1_6Actions2_1Species Action/Recovery Plan2_2Area-based Management Plan3_1Population trends3_2Harvest level trends3_3Trade trends3_4Habitat trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Indomalayan
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Références bibliographiques (30)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
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- Petersen, W.J., Steinmetz, R., Sribuarod, K. and Ngoprasert, D. 2020b. Density and movements of mainland clouded leopards (<i>Neofelis nebulosa</i>) under conditions of high and low poaching pressure. <i>Global Ecology and Conservation</i>: 1-11.
- Kaszta, Ż., Cushman, S.A., Htun, S., Naing, H., Burnham, D. and Macdonald, D.W. 2020. Simulating the impact of Belt and Road initiative and other major developments in Myanmar on an ambassador felid, the clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa. <i>Landscape Ecology</i>: 1-20.
- Jhala, Y.V., Qureshi, Q. and Nayak, A.K. 2020. Status of tigers, copredators and prey in India, 2018. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India, New Delhi, and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Petersen, W.J., Coudrat, C.N.Z., Dhendup, T., Ghimirey, Y., Gray, T.N.E., Shariff, M., Montomery, C., Mukherjee, S., Rahman, H. & Kun, S.
contributor
Akash, M., Appel, A., Chutipong, W., Couderc, V., Greenspan, E., Griffin, O., Legrand, R., Lwin, Y., Myint, M., Ngoprasert, D., Nijhawan, S., Pliosungnoen, M., Phomachanh, C., Rasphone, A., Redford, T., Sinovas, P., Steinmetz, R., Sukmasuang, R., Tilker, A. & Thaung, R.
evaluator
McCarthy, J., Breitenmoser, U. & Wilianto, E.
Petersen, W.J., Coudrat, C.N.Z., Dhendup, T., Ghimirey, Y., Gray, T.N.E., Shariff, M., Montomery, C., Mukherjee, S., Rahman, H. & Kun, S. 2025. Catopuma temminckii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T4038A245236583. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Traits biologiques
20 valeurs · 6 sources
Morphologie(4)
Cycle de vie(1)
Voir 15 traits de plus (2 catégories)Replier
Reproduction(6)
Écologie & habitat(9)
Sources priorisées par qualité scientifique (peer-reviewed spécialisées → Wikidata fallback). Unités auto-converties, valeur max retenue en cas de mesures multiples. Méthodologie · Citations.
Répartition mondiale
Aucune observation géoréférencée avec précision suffisante (<10 km) dans GBIF pour cette espèce.
Consulter sur les bases externes
Observations & statuts
Cartographie
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (10)— redirigent vers cette page
- Felis moormensis var. nigrescens(Hodgson, 1896) Pousargues, 1896
- Felis nigrescensGray, 1863
- Felis semenoviSatunin, 1905
- Felis temminckiiVigors & Horsfield, 1827
- Felis temminckii badiodorsalisHowell, 1926
- Felis temminckii banseiSowerby, 1924
- Felis temminckii mitchelliLydekker, 1908
- Felis trislisMilne-Edwards, 1872
- Pardofelis temminckii(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) Johnson et al., 2006
- Profelis temminckii(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) Pocock, 1932
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).