Chat bai

Catopuma badia(Gray, 1874)

Animal

ENLR Monde (IUCN)

1 photo · Licences CC (Wikimedia Commons / iNaturalist)Click pour agrandir

Filtrer le graphe par contexte spatialPays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Chargement du graphe…

Indicateurs du réseau écologique

Comment lire ce graphe

Ce graphe représente les interactions écologiques documentées entre Catopuma badia et d'autres espèces, à partir de la base GloBI (Global Biotic Interactions, agrégation mondiale de la littérature scientifique) — source principale, complétée par d'autres jeux de données d'interactions agrégés par Ontologia. Il faut le comprendre comme une carte du savoir documenté, pas une carte de la réalité écologique exhaustive.

Limites principales

Incomplet. La majorité des interactions écologiques en milieu naturel n'ont jamais été publiées. Une espèce sans liens visibles n'est pas isolée — elle est probablement mal étudiée.
Biais publication pharmaco-agronomique. La littérature des interactions est polarisée par les enjeux économiques et sanitaires : parasitism / pathogen sur-pondéré sur les mammifères (recherche zoonoses, vecteurs), herbivory sur-pondéré sur les insectes phytophages (entomologie agronomique). À l'inverse, mutualisms, commensalisms et interactions sol/microbiote sont sous-cités. Conseil de lecture : sur les hubs mammifères ou les insectes ravageurs de culture, lire les arêtes parasitism / herbivory dominantes relativement au contexte de littérature, pas comme une mesure d'intensité écologique brute. Détails §10.1.
Biaisé vers les espèces étudiées. Quelques espèces (oiseaux communs, abeille mellifère, espèces modèles) concentrent disproportionnellement plus d'interactions documentées. Notre score composite ajoute un malus aux hubs de littérature pour atténuer cette dominance visuelle.
Interactions documentées globalement. Toutes les espèces affichées sont observées en France métropolitaine (les observations sont filtrées sur le territoire métropolitain), mais les interactions entre elles proviennent de la littérature scientifique mondiale. Une interaction documentée à l'étranger peut ne pas se réaliser à l'identique sur votre territoire. Le filtre « restreindre à ma commune » tient compte de la co-occurrence spatiale locale mais ne garantit pas l'interaction effective.
Sans dimension temporelle. Les variations saisonnières (migration, floraison, cycle de vie) ne sont pas modélisées.
Force d'interaction approximative. L'épaisseur des liens reflète le nombre de fois où l'interaction a été rapportée dans la littérature, pas son importance écologique réelle.

Comment nous sélectionnons les espèces affichées

Le graphe affiche au plus 31 nœuds par fiche (1 centre + 15 bulles depth=1 + 15 partenaires depth=2). Le serveur sélectionne intelligemment :

Bulles famille créées si une cascade taxonomique existe ou si ≥3 espèces directement documentées partagent une même famille — les espèces sont absorbées dans la bulle (pas de doublon visuel)
Espèces individuelles uniquement quand <3 dans une famille (sans cascade) — relations directes documentées
Pas d'espèces inférées affichées en doublon — les cascades sont représentées via les bulles famille uniquement
Partenaires depth=2 sélectionnés via algo priorité : candidat partagé par ≥2 docs de la famille (food web central) → reliant entre bulles → top sum_obs en dernier recours
Sous-types GloBI traduits en français au survol de la flèche (chasse, parasite, parasitoïde, mycorhize…)

Le toggle Profondeur 1 ↔ 2 client-side cache ou affiche les partenaires depth=2 sans refetch. Filtres règne, type d'interaction, ordres/familles, patrimoniales et commune recalculent côté serveur (slow path live ~1-2 s).

Indicateurs avancés (mode expert) : Modularité Q (Newman 2006, PNAS), communautés (Louvain, Blondel et al. 2008, J. Stat. Mech.), nestedness NODF (Almeida-Neto et al. 2008, Oikos).

Source : GloBI · TAXREF v18 (INPN/MNHN) · BDC-Statuts · Wikidata

4 partenaires écologiques documentés directement dans GloBI.

Partenaires

Espèces avec interactions documentées

Types d'interactions

Prédation, pollinisation, parasitisme…

Connectance

0.139

Densité des liens dans le sous-graphe affiché

Rang animalia

59 %

Percentile vs ensemble des animalia

Liste rouge IUCN

EN · En dangercritères C1↘Décroissante

Évaluation complète

Évaluation: 2016 · v3.1
Altitude: 0 – 800 m
Profondeur: – m

État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert

There are no population density estimates for the Borneo Bay Cat in any part of its range, yet this elusive felid has long been considered uncommon. Noting the paucity of specimens collected during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, earlier authors concluded that the species was naturally rare. Even now, the Bay Cat is known from only 12 specimens (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002, Kitchener et al. 2004), and incidental observations remain few and far between (Bricknell 2003, Hearn 2003, Meijaard et al. 2005). Since the advent of intensive camera trap surveys, however, many of them targeted at felids, there has been a slow but steady rise in the number of photographic captures of this felid (Azlan et al. 2003, Azlan and Sanderson 2007, Yasuda 2007, Mohamed et al. 2009, Ross et al. 2010, Bernard et al. 2012, Brodie and Giordano 2012b, Wearn et al. 2013, Gardner et al. 2014, Sastramidjaja et al. in press, Hearn et al. unpublished data). Nevertheless, even intensive felid focused camera trap surveys yield very few photographs, and photographic capture rates of the bay cat are substantially lower than that of the sympatric Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi), which is estimated to exist at low densities (1-4 individuals 100 km²: Brodie and Giordano 2012a, Wilting et al. 2012, Sollmann et al. 2014, Loken et al. unpublished data). Such observations have led some authors to hypothesise that the Bay Cat is found at even lower densities (Azlan and Sanderson 2007, Mohamed et al. 2009, Ross et al. 2010). It is unclear, however, whether this apparent lower detection rate is a reflection of true rarity or due to underlying factors that result in its elusiveness. Wearn et al., (2013) compared photo-capture rates of Bay Cats from a number of studies in Borneo and showed that random placement of cameras can result in higher rates than that derived from targeted placement (trails, ridgelines, and logging roads), as is typical of camera trap surveys. Wearn et al. (2013) suggested that the relative abundance of the bay cat may have hitherto been underestimated due to an underlying bias as a result of the use of non-random survey locations coupled with this felid’s particular use of space. A comparison of photo-capture rates between a randomised and a targeted survey of the Tawau Hills National Park in Sabah, however, found no evidence of elevated capture rates of this felid as a result of randomised camera deployment, and instead showed that a randomised survey approach reduced detection probability of all Bornean felids (Hearn et al. unpublished data).

It is important to highlight that while the increasing use of camera traps across the island of Borneo is slowly yielding more detections of this elusive cat, several intensive, felid-focused camera trap surveys have failed to detect this species (e.g., Tangkulap Forest Reserve, Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve: Wilting et al. unpublished data, Sepilok Forest Reserve: Hearn, Ross and Macdonald, unpublished data, numerous surveys in Kalimantan: Cheyne and Macdonald, unpublished data), despite a habitat suitability analysis (Bornean Carnivore Symposium, Hearn et al. submitted) predicting the cat to be present. Our estimate of the Bay Cat’s current area of occupancy (AOO) must consequently be viewed with caution.

Although further research is needed to draw more firm conclusions regarding the abundance and distribution of the Borno Bay Cat, the assessors have chosen to follow a precautionary approach, and estimate that the mean density of the Bay Cat throughout its area of occupancy (AOO) is around one individual per 100 km². Extrapolation of this density to the estimated AOO suggests the population is plausibly around 2,200 mature individuals.

Menaces identifiées(10 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

1_1
Housing & urban areas
Ongoing
2_1_1
Shifting agriculture
Ongoing
2_1_2
Small-holder farming
Ongoing
2_1_3
Agro-industry farming
Ongoing
2_2_2
Agro-industry plantations
Ongoing
2_3_2
Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming
Ongoing
5_1_1
Intentional use (species is the target)
Ongoing
5_1_2
Unintentional effects (species is not the target)
Ongoing
5_3_3
Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]
Ongoing
5_3_4
Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]
Ongoing

Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert

Habitat loss due to commercial logging and conversion to oil palm plantations pose the greatest threat to the Bay Cat. Oil palm plantations are likely to expand in the future as a result of the push for biofuels, and forest cover on the island of Borneo, if current deforestation rates continue, is projected to decline from 50% to less than one-third by 2020 (Rautner et al. 2005). Poaching, particularly the use of snares, poses a significant threat. Wildlife traders are aware of the species' rarity, and Bay Cats have been captured illegally from the wild for the skin and pet markets (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002, Kitchener et al. 2004, Azlan and Sanderson 2007).

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

1_6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland★
1_9Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane★
1_8Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp

Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert

Included on CITES Appendix II (as Catopuma badia). It is fully protected by national legislation across most of its range. Hunting and trade are prohibited in Indonesia (Kalimantan) and Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) (Nowell and Jackson 1996). It has been confirmed to occur in the following protected areas: Sabah: Danum Valley Conservation Area, (Ross et al. 2010); Sarawak - Gunung Mulu National Park (Dinets 2003), Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (Azlan et al. 2003); Kalimantan: Gunung Palung National Park, Bentuang Karimun National Park (Meijaard 1997), Sungai Wain Protection Forest (Yasuda et al. 2007). The Bay Cat remains to be one of the least studied of the world’s wild cats (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002, Brodie 2009), hampering the development of conservation actions. It is therefore essential to gain an understanding of this species’ distribution, abundance, and response to anthropogenic modification of its habitat in order to better understand it’s conservation status. A detailed study of the Bay Cat’s basic ecology, including its diet and dispersal abilities is of the highest priority.

Actions de conservation (5)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert

1_1Site/area protection
2_1Site/area management
3_4_1Captive breeding/artificial propagation
4_3Awareness & communications
5_4_3Sub-national level

Stress écologiques (18)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert

1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
2_1Species mortality
2_1Species mortality

Usage & commerce (2)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert

10Wearing apparel, accessories
internationalnational
13Pets/display animals, horticulture
internationalnationalsubsistance

Priorités de recherche (7)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert

1_2Population size, distribution & trends
1_3Life history & ecology
1_4Harvest, use & livelihoods
1_5Threats
1_6Actions
2_1Species Action/Recovery Plan
3_1Population trends

Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Indomalayan

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Références bibliographiques (30)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert

Eizirik, E., Johnson, W.E. and O'Brien, S.J. Submitted. Molecular systematics and revised classification of the family Felidae (Mammalia, Carnivora). Journal of Mammalogy. [see http://dobzhanskycenter.bio.spbu.ru/pdf/sjop/MS636%20Eizirik%20Felid%20Taxonomy.pdf]
IUCN. 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 27 April 2017).
IUCN. 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 30 June 2016).
Sastramidjaja, W.J., Cheyne, S.M., Loken, B. and Macdonald, D. 2015. The bay cat (Pardofelis badia) in Kalimantan, new information from recent sightings. Cat News 62: 10-12.
Yue, S., Brodie, J.F., Zipkin, E.F. and Bernard, H. 2015. Oil palm plantations fail to support mammal diversity. Ecological Applications 25(8): 2285-2292. doi: /10.1890/14-1928.1.
Brodie, J.F., Giordano, A.J., Zipkin, E.F., Bernard, H., Mohd-Azlan, J. and Ambu, L. 2015. Correlation and persistence of hunting and logging impacts on tropical rainforest mammals. . Conservation Biology 29: 110-121.
Scriven, S.A., Hodgson, J.A., McClean, C.J. and Hill, J.K. 2015. Protected areas in Borneo may fail to conserve tropical forest biodiversity under climate change. Biological Conservation 184: 414-423.
Gaveau, D.LA.., Sloan, S., Molidena, E., Yaen, H., Sheil, D., Abram, N.K., Ancrenaz, M., Nasi, R., Quinones, M., Wielaard. N. and Meijaard, E. 2014. Four decades of forest persistence, clearance and logging on Borneo. PLoS One 9(7): e101654.
Mathai, J., Buckingham, L. and Ong, N. 2014. Borneo bay cat and other felids in a logging concession in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Cat News 60: 34-35.
Sollmann, R., Linkie, M., Haidir, I.A. and MacDonald, D.W. 2014. Bringing clarity to the clouded leopard Neofelis diardi: first density estimates from Sumatra. Oryx 48(4): 536-539.
Gardner, P.C., Ambu, L., Bernard, H. and Goossens, B. 2014. The rare flat-headed cat and other felids in Tabin Wildlife Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Cat News 61: 37-41.
Pacifici, M., Santini, L., Di Marco, M., Baisero, D., Francucci, L., Grottolo Marasini, G., Visconti, P. and Rondinini, C. 2013. Generation length for mammals. Nature Conservation 5: 87–94.
Wearn, O.R., Rowcliffe, J.M., Carbone, C., Bernard, H. and Ewers, R.M. 2013. Assessing the status of wild felids in a highly-disturbed comercial forest reserve in Borneo and the implications for camera trap survey design. PLoS One 8(11): 1-9.
Brodie, J. and Giordano, A.J. 2012b. New high elevation record of the bay cat from Malaysian Borneo. Cat News 56: 8.
Brodie, J. and Giordano, A.J. 2012a. Density of the Vulnerable Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi in a protected area in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Oryx: 427-430.
Miettinen, J., Shi, C., Tan, W.J. and Liew, S.C. 2012. 2010 land cover map of insular Southeast Asia in 250-m spatial resolution. Remote Sensing Letters 3: 11-20.
Bernard, H. Baking, E.L., Matsubayasi, M. and Ahmad, A.H. 2012. Records of Bornean felids in and around Tabin Wildlife Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Cat News 56: 4-7.
Wilting, A. Mohamed, A., Ambu, L. N., Lagan, P., Mannan, S., Hofer, H. and Sollmann, R. 2012. Density of the Vulnerable Sunda Clouded Leopard Neofelis diardi in two commercial forest reserves in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Oryx 46: 423-426.
Hon, J. 2011. A new record for the Bornean bay car in central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Cat News 55: 3.
Sicuro, F.L. and Oliveira, L.F.B. 2011. Skull morphology and functionality of extant Felidae (Mammalia: Carnivora): a phylogenetic and evolutionary perspective. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 414-462.
Ross, J., Hearn, A.J., Bernard, H., Secoy, K. and Macdonald, D. 2010. A framework for a Wild Cat Action Plan for Sabah. Global Canopy Programme, Oxford.
Brodie, J.F. 2009. Is research effort allocated efficiently for conservation? Felidae as a global case study. Biodiversity and Conservation 18: 2927-2939.
Mohamed, A., Samejima, H. and Wilting, A. 2009. Records of five Bornean cat species from Deramakot Forest Reserve in Sabah, Malaysia. Cat News 51: 14-17.
Yasuda, M., Matsubayashi, H., Rustam, Numata, S., Sukor, J.R.A. and Abu Bakar, S. 2007. Recent records by camera traps in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Cat News 47: 14-16.
Azlan, J.M. and Sanderson, J.G. 2007. Geographic distribution and conservation status of the bay cat Catopuma badia, a Bornean endemic. Oryx 40: 36-41.
O'Brien, S.J. and Johnson, W.E. 2007. The evolution of cats. Scientific American July: 68-75.
Johnson, W.E., Eizirik, E., Pecon-Slattery, J., Murphy, W.J., Antunes, A., Teeling, E. and O'Brien, S.J. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311: 73-77.
Rautner, M. 2005. Borneo: treasure island at risk. WWF Germany, Frankfurt, Germany.
Meijaard, E., Prakoso, B. B. and Azis. 2005. A new record for the Bornean bay cat. Cat News 43: 23-24.
Kitchener, A.C., Yasuma, S., Andau, M. and Quillen, P. 2004. Three bay cats from Borneo. Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 69(5): 349.

Évaluateurs & contributeurs (2)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert

assessor

Hearn, A., Brodie, J., Cheyne, S., Loken, B., Ross, J. & Wilting, A.

evaluator

Nowell, K., Hunter, L., Duckworth, J.W., Breitenmoser-Wursten, C., Lanz, T. and Breitenmoser, U.

⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.

Hearn, A., Brodie, J., Cheyne, S., Loken, B., Ross, J. & Wilting, A. 2016. Catopuma badia (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T4037A112910221. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Traits biologiques

20 valeurs · 5 sources

Morphologie(4)

Masse adulte: 3,43 kg; PanTHERIA
Longueur: 54,8 cm; PanTHERIA
Masse naissance: -999000 mg; PanTHERIA
Masse au sevrage: -999000 mg; PanTHERIA

Cycle de vie(1)

Longévité max: -999 mois; PanTHERIA

Voir 15 traits de plus (2 catégories)

Reproduction(6)

Taille de portée: -999; PanTHERIA
Sevrage: -999 j; PanTHERIA
Portées par an: -999; PanTHERIA
Gestation: -999 j; PanTHERIA
Intervalle naissances: -999 j; PanTHERIA
Maturité sexuelle: -999 j; PanTHERIA

Écologie & habitat(9)

Invertébrés (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Graines (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Fruits (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Nectar (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Charognard (%): 20 %; elton_mammals
Poissons (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Autre végétal (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Vert. ectothermes (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Vert. endothermes (%): 80 %; elton_mammals

Sources priorisées par qualité scientifique (peer-reviewed spécialisées → Wikidata fallback). Unités auto-converties, valeur max retenue en cas de mesures multiples. Méthodologie · Citations.