Coyote
Canis latransSay, 1823
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Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Graphe en cours d’indexation
Calcul du tissu écologique de Canis latrans.
Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).
Liste rouge IUCN
LC · Préoccupation mineure↗Croissante- Évaluation
- 2018 · v3.1
- Altitude
- – m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
Coyotes are abundant throughout their range and are increasing in distribution as humans continue to modify the landscape. Elimination of larger predators (wolves, coyotes, jaguars) may also have assisted their expansion. Coyote density varies geographically with food and climate, and seasonally due to mortality and changes in pack structure and food abundance. Localized control efforts have sometimes temporarily reduced population size, but they quickly rebound through migration and breeding, and Coyote populations generally are stable or increasing in most areas.
Coyote densities in different geographic areas and seasons vary from 0.01–0.09 coyotes/km² in the winter in the Yukon (O'Donoghue et al. 1997) to 0.9/km² in the fall and 2.3/km² during the summer (post-whelping) in Texas (Knowlton 1972; Andelt 1985). Density in different geographic areas and seasons are listed in Gese and Bekoff (2004).
Coyote densities in different geographic areas and seasons vary from 0.01–0.09 coyotes/km² in the winter in the Yukon (O'Donoghue et al. 1997) to 0.9/km² in the fall and 2.3/km² during the summer (post-whelping) in Texas (Knowlton 1972; Andelt 1985). Density in different geographic areas and seasons are listed in Gese and Bekoff (2004).
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
There are no current major threats to Coyote populations throughout their range. Local reductions are temporary and their range has been expanding. Conservation measures have not been needed to maintain viable populations. Coyotes adapt to human environs and occupy most habitats, including urban areas. Hybridization with wolves and dogs is documented, but likely occurs only at the leading edge of expanding populations, with back-crossing into the Coyote populations resulting in low levels of dog and wolf introgression spread throughout some new populations (VonHoldt et al. 2011; Mõnzon et al. 2014).
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
1_1Forest - Boreal★1_4Forest - Temperate★1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry★3_4Shrubland - Temperate★3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry★4_4Grassland - Temperate★4_5Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry★4_7Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude★8_2Desert - Temperate★14_5Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas14_1Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land14_2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
Legislation
The species is not included on the CITES Appendices, and there is no legal protection of the species. Restrictions on harvest and method of harvest depend upon state or provincial regulations.
Presence in protected areas
The Coyote occurs in almost all protected areas across its range.
Occurrence in captivity
Over 2,000 Coyotes occur in captivity in zoos, wildlife centres, etc., throughout their range. They readily reproduce in captivity and survival is high.
Gaps in knowledge
Several gaps in knowledge still remain: coyote reproductive physiology and possible modes of fertility control; selective management of problem animals; effects of control; genetic differentiation from other canids (particularly the red wolf); development of non-lethal depredation techniques; interactions of coyotes and other predators; coyote-prey interactions; human-coyote interactions and conflicts at the urban interface; factors influencing prey selection; communication; adaptations in urban and rural environments; and interactions with threatened and endangered species.
The species is not included on the CITES Appendices, and there is no legal protection of the species. Restrictions on harvest and method of harvest depend upon state or provincial regulations.
Presence in protected areas
The Coyote occurs in almost all protected areas across its range.
Occurrence in captivity
Over 2,000 Coyotes occur in captivity in zoos, wildlife centres, etc., throughout their range. They readily reproduce in captivity and survival is high.
Gaps in knowledge
Several gaps in knowledge still remain: coyote reproductive physiology and possible modes of fertility control; selective management of problem animals; effects of control; genetic differentiation from other canids (particularly the red wolf); development of non-lethal depredation techniques; interactions of coyotes and other predators; coyote-prey interactions; human-coyote interactions and conflicts at the urban interface; factors influencing prey selection; communication; adaptations in urban and rural environments; and interactions with threatened and endangered species.
Actions de conservation (1)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
2_1Site/area management
Usage & commerce (1)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
10Wearing apparel, accessoriesinternationalnationalsubsistance
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
NearcticNeotropical
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Références bibliographiques (18)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 19 March 2020).
- IUCN. 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 15 November 2018).
- Hody, J. W. and Kays, R. 2018. Mapping the expansion of coyotes (<i>Canis latrans</i>) across North and Central America. <i>ZooKeys</i> 759: 81-87.
- Méndez-Carvajal, P. and Moreno, R. 2014. Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae, <i>Canis latrans</i> (Say, 1823): Actual distribution in Panama. <i>CheckList</i> 10(2): 376-379.
- Monzõn, J., Kays, R. and Dykhuizen, D.E. 2014. Assessment of coyote-wolf-dog admixture using ancestry-informative diagnostic SNPs. <i>Molecular Ecology</i> 23: 182–197.
- VonHoldt, B. M., Pollinger, J.P., Earl, D.A., Knowles, J.C., Boyko, A.R., Parker, H. et al. 2011. A genome-wide perspective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids. <i>Genome Research </i> 21: 1294–1305.
- Kays, R., Curtis, A. and Kirchman, J.J. 2010. Rapid adaptive evolution of northeastern coyotes via hybridization with wolves. <i>Biology Letters</i> 6: 89–93.
- Reid, F. 2009. <i>A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico</i>. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
- Hidalgo-Mihart, M.G., Cantu-Salazar, L., Gonzalez-Romero, A. and Lopez-Gonalez, C.A. 2004. Historical and present distribution of coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>) in Mexico and Central America. <i>Journal of Biogeography</i> 31: 2025-2038.
- Gese, E. and Bekoff, M. 2004. Coyote <i>Canis latrans</i> Say, 1823. In: Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. & Macdonald, D.W. (ed.), <i>Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>, pp. 81-87. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge.
- Bekoff, M. and Gese, E. M. 2003. Coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>). In: G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson and J. A. Chapman (eds), <i>Wild mammals of North America: biology, management and conservation</i>, pp. 467-481. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA.
- O'Donoghue, M., Boutin, S., Krebs, C. J. and Hofer, E. J. 1997. Numerical responses of coyotes and lynx to the snowshoe hare cycle. <i>Oikos</i> 80: 150-162.
- Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (comps and eds). 1996. <i>1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals</i>. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- Moore, G. C. and Parker, G. R. 1992. Colonization by the eastern coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>). In: A. Boer (ed.), <i>Ecology and management of the eastern coyote</i>, pp. 23-37. Wildlife Research Unit, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
- Andelt, W. F. 1987. Coyote predation. In: M. Novak, J. A. Baker, M. E. Obbard and B. Malloch (eds), <i>Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America</i>, pp. 128-140. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ontario Trappers Association, Ontario, Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Andelt, W. F. 1985. Behavioral ecology of coyotes in south Texas. <i>Wildlife Monographs</i> 94: 45 pp.
- Bekoff, M. 1982. Coyote, <i>Canis latrans</i>. In: J. Chapman and G. Feldhamer (eds), <i>Wild mammals of North America: biology, management and economics</i>, pp. 447-459. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA.
- Knowlton, F. F. 1972. Preliminary interpretations of coyote population mechanics with some management implications. <i>Journal of Wildlife Management</i> 36: 369-382.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Kays, R.
contributor
Gese, E., Bekoff, M., Carbyn, L., Andelt, W. & Knowlton, F.
evaluator
Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C.
facilitators
Hoffmann, M.
⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.
Kays, R. 2018. Canis latrans (errata version published in 2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T3745A163508579. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Traits biologiques
23 valeurs · 9 sources
Morphologie(5)
Cycle de vie(1)
Voir 17 traits de plus (3 catégories)Replier
Reproduction(6)
Écologie & habitat(9)
Sources priorisées par qualité scientifique (peer-reviewed spécialisées → Wikidata fallback). Unités auto-converties, valeur max retenue en cas de mesures multiples. Méthodologie · Citations.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Chant
12 captations · Xeno-cantocriA
2:42
cri de quémandeA
1:58
barkA
1:25
howlA
43s
enregistrementA
36s
Voir 7 captations de plusReplier
uncertainB
50s
cri socialA
1:49
howlB
1:54
enregistrementB
28s
cri socialA
1:34
cri socialA
1:09
cri socialA
53s
Hot-link CDN Xeno-canto. Chaque captation porte sa propre licence Creative Commons (visible quand la piste est active) et l'attribution de son auteur.
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