Calanthe baliensis

The main threats to natural habitats in the area are conversion for cultivation and human settlement, both of which are intensive on the lower slopes in the Kebun Raya (Eka Karya) Botanic Garden area, but this orchid was recorded at higher elevations. On Mt Tapak, Witono et al. (2002) identified threats as forest conversion and illegal logging despite its protected area status; more recently, Sutomo et al. (2018) concluded that the forest ecosystem of the Bedugul area was “rather intact or less disturbed”. In the Bedugul area rice fields increased from 6,402 ha in 2000 to 33,359 ha in 2017, although the steeper and higher mountain slopes are unlikely to have been impacted. Tourism is also noted to have caused disturbance is some parts of the Bedugul basin, such as Beratan Lake, and the forests have suffered from over-extraction of forest products, although these are not thought to be major threats to this species. Illegal logging may have had some impact as the process of logging, particularly clear-felling, removes the shade that Calanthe species require and they are known to rapidly desiccate and die (Clayton and Cribb 2013). Forest fires that occurred in 1994 damaged about 30.5 ha of forest on nearby Mt Pohen (Sutomo et al. 2018) and this has the potential to occur in the collection area.

There are three conservation areas in the Bedugul basin: the Batukahu Nature Reserve (which covers Mt Tapak), Protection Forest and Botanic Garden. The nature reserve area is a natural ecosystem, the protection forest is mostly replanted forest but with some small remnant natural patches, and the botanic garden "Eka Karya" is an entirely man-made ecosystem (Sutomo et al. 2018). There are also proposals for the Bedugul area to become a biosphere reserve (Sutomo et al. 2018). It is not known to be conserved ex situ (BGCI 2020). Further research is needed to provide more information about the population size, distribution and trends and any specific threats linked to its life history and ecology.