Caladenia hopperiana
A.P.Br. & G.Brockman
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
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Calcul du tissu écologique de Caladenia hopperiana.
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Liste rouge IUCN
EN · En dangercritères B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(i)↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2022 · v3.1
- Altitude
- – m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
The species is known from 282 mature plants at two locations, north and northwest of Quindanning over a range of 10 km. The largest subpopulation is 195 mature plants.
Monitoring has shown a decline in the number of observed plants at two subpopulations (and a decline in habitat condition), but there is insufficient data to determine rate of decline. When the species was first discovered in 2003, approximately 2,000 plants occurred across three subpopulations. In 2008 and 2009 approximately 230 plants were located across two subpopulations. Detailed surveys in spring 2010 located just 38 plants. Additional surveys located a new population (location) consisting of 11 plants in 2011 in a nature reserve and another new subpopulation consisting of 195 plants in 2013 in a timber reserve (existing location). Despite the increase in plant numbers two subpopulations have declined.
Of the three known locations, one of them appears to no longer hold Caladenia plants. One of the other locations is becoming rapidly more degraded and based on the current decline (90% population reduction in six years) may cease to support this species.
The habitat of the original location is still in decline due to salinity, timber extraction, feral pigs and weed invasion, and the observed reduction in plant numbers in two subpopulations in that location has not abated. Although subpopulations occur in areas of State Forest all are subject to possible future mining.
Since its discovery in 2004 the species has been extensively surveyed by K Smith (Formosa Flora/ Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority) and members of the West Australian Native Orchid Study and Conservation Group (WANOSCG). While suitable habitat is very limited in the Quindanning area where subpopulations are currently known, apparently suitable habitat occurs to the north and south of this region. This habitat has been surveyed extensively by members of the WANOSCG and members of the Department of Environment and Conservation while conducting surveys for other rare orchids with no new subpopulations of C. hopperiana being found.
Monitoring has shown a decline in the number of observed plants at two subpopulations (and a decline in habitat condition), but there is insufficient data to determine rate of decline. When the species was first discovered in 2003, approximately 2,000 plants occurred across three subpopulations. In 2008 and 2009 approximately 230 plants were located across two subpopulations. Detailed surveys in spring 2010 located just 38 plants. Additional surveys located a new population (location) consisting of 11 plants in 2011 in a nature reserve and another new subpopulation consisting of 195 plants in 2013 in a timber reserve (existing location). Despite the increase in plant numbers two subpopulations have declined.
Of the three known locations, one of them appears to no longer hold Caladenia plants. One of the other locations is becoming rapidly more degraded and based on the current decline (90% population reduction in six years) may cease to support this species.
The habitat of the original location is still in decline due to salinity, timber extraction, feral pigs and weed invasion, and the observed reduction in plant numbers in two subpopulations in that location has not abated. Although subpopulations occur in areas of State Forest all are subject to possible future mining.
Since its discovery in 2004 the species has been extensively surveyed by K Smith (Formosa Flora/ Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority) and members of the West Australian Native Orchid Study and Conservation Group (WANOSCG). While suitable habitat is very limited in the Quindanning area where subpopulations are currently known, apparently suitable habitat occurs to the north and south of this region. This habitat has been surveyed extensively by members of the WANOSCG and members of the Department of Environment and Conservation while conducting surveys for other rare orchids with no new subpopulations of C. hopperiana being found.
Menaces identifiées(2 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
2_1_3Agro-industry farmingOngoing7_2_4Abstraction of surface water (unknown use)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
The species has a naturally small distribution and occurs in a habitat that was targeted for clearing for agriculture. It is reliant on seasonally moist sites leaving it vulnerable to long-term decreases in groundwater levels from water extraction and a drying climate, as well as short-term increases in groundwater levels from vegetation removal.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
1_4Forest - Temperate★
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is listed as Endangered under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
In Place
- Caladenia hopperiana is covered by the Department of Environment and Conservation (2012) Boddington Spider Orchid (Caladenia sp. Quindanning) Interim Recovery Plan 2013–2017. Interim Recovery Plan No. 332. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia.
- Monitor the populations for evidence of rabbit, kangaroo, or pigs, or changes in plant or site health;
- Protect the sites from fire unless required for ecological reasons, and implement early intervention in any wildfires which may threaten the sites;
- Survey for additional populations.
Management Recommendations
- Management of groundwater at the larger subpopulation. Currently low lying plants are at risk from salinity and water logging. Plants higher in the landscape are receiving less moisture through drier winters. Resultantly only a narrow band around the margin of the creekline is habitable.
- Establishment of new subpopulations in areas of suitable habitat.
- Weed control at the larger subpopulation.
- Feral pig control to prevent the large amount of soil disturbance currently occurring at the two subpopulations.
- Rabbit control if evidence of a rabbit population or herbivory is noted.
- Erect protective fencing or caging if herbivory and/or trampling is noted as a significant threat.
- Erect barriers if recreational activities with state forest continue to threaten the species.
- Prevention of alteration of groundwater levels by potential mining operations.
- Prevention of winter and spring burns within the areas of subpopulations.
- Development of an ex situ collection of plants.
- Prevention of planned timber harvesting adjacent to one subpopulation.
- Protection from future mining operations.
Research Requirements
- Determine species pollination ecology, seed germination requirements and viability, and longevity.
- Identify the fungal symbiont associated with the species and its distribution in the wild.
- Determine fire response of the species.
- Seed has been collected by Kings Park and Botanic Gardens for ex situ preservation. There are no specimens of C. hopperiana currently grown ex situ. There have been no recovery plans detailing sites for potential re-introductions.
Actions de conservation (6)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_1Site/area protection2_1Site/area management2_2Invasive/problematic species control3_3_1Reintroduction3_3_2Benign introduction3_4_2Genome resource bank
Stress écologiques (5)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance
Priorités de recherche (2)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends1_3Life history & ecology
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Australasian
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Formes de croissance
Forb or HerbGeophyte
Références bibliographiques (7)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 08 December 2022).
- Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC). 2018. Conservation Advice <i>Caladenia hopperiana</i> Quindanning spider orchid. Canberra. Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Available at: <a href="http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/88195-conservation-advice-15022018.pdf">http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/88195-conservation-advice-15022018.pdf</a>. (Accessed: 2022).
- Brown, A.P. and Brockman, G. 2015. New taxa of <i>Caladenia</i> (Orchidaceae) from south-west Western Australia. <i>Nuytsia</i> 25: 45-123.
- Phillips, R.D., Faast, R., Bower, C.C., Brown, G.R. and Peakall, R. 2009. Implications of pollination by food and sexual deception on pollinator specificity, fruit set, population genetics and conservation of <i>Caladenia</i>. <i>Australian Journal of Botany</i> 57: 287-306.
- Brown, A., Dundas, P., Dixon, K. and Hopper, S. 2008. <i>Orchids of Western Australia</i>. University of Western Australia Press, Crawley, WA.
- Western Australian Herbarium. 1998. FloraBase—the Western Australian Flora. Available at: <a href=" https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/"> https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/</a>.
- Stoutamire, W.P. 1983. Wasp-pollinated species of <i>Caladenia</i> (Orchidaceae) in South-western Australia. <i>Australian Journal of Botany </i> 31: 383-394.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Australian Government, Threatened Species Scientific Committee
contributor
Phillips, R., Brown, A.P., Luu, R., Llorens, T., Dixon, K. & Smith, K.
evaluator
Rankou, H. & Zimmer, H.
facilitators
Mastroanni, E. & Zimmer, H.
Australian Government, Threatened Species Scientific Committee 2022. Caladenia hopperiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T206711704A206712819. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s