Bourdon élégant
Bombus mesomelasGerstäcker, 1869
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Chargement du graphe…
Indicateurs du réseau écologique
Comment lire ce graphe
Ce graphe représente les interactions écologiques documentées entre Bombus mesomelas et d'autres espèces, à partir de la base GloBI (Global Biotic Interactions, agrégation mondiale de la littérature scientifique) — source principale, complétée par d'autres jeux de données d'interactions agrégés par Ontologia. Il faut le comprendre comme une carte du savoir documenté, pas une carte de la réalité écologique exhaustive.
Limites principales
- Incomplet. La majorité des interactions écologiques en milieu naturel n'ont jamais été publiées. Une espèce sans liens visibles n'est pas isolée — elle est probablement mal étudiée.
- Biais publication pharmaco-agronomique. La littérature des interactions est polarisée par les enjeux économiques et sanitaires : parasitism / pathogen sur-pondéré sur les mammifères (recherche zoonoses, vecteurs), herbivory sur-pondéré sur les insectes phytophages (entomologie agronomique). À l'inverse, mutualisms, commensalisms et interactions sol/microbiote sont sous-cités. Conseil de lecture : sur les hubs mammifères ou les insectes ravageurs de culture, lire les arêtes parasitism / herbivory dominantes relativement au contexte de littérature, pas comme une mesure d'intensité écologique brute. Détails §10.1.
- Biaisé vers les espèces étudiées. Quelques espèces (oiseaux communs, abeille mellifère, espèces modèles) concentrent disproportionnellement plus d'interactions documentées. Notre score composite ajoute un malus aux hubs de littérature pour atténuer cette dominance visuelle.
- Interactions documentées globalement. Toutes les espèces affichées sont observées en France métropolitaine (les observations sont filtrées sur le territoire métropolitain), mais les interactions entre elles proviennent de la littérature scientifique mondiale. Une interaction documentée à l'étranger peut ne pas se réaliser à l'identique sur votre territoire. Le filtre « restreindre à ma commune » tient compte de la co-occurrence spatiale locale mais ne garantit pas l'interaction effective.
- Sans dimension temporelle. Les variations saisonnières (migration, floraison, cycle de vie) ne sont pas modélisées.
- Force d'interaction approximative. L'épaisseur des liens reflète le nombre de fois où l'interaction a été rapportée dans la littérature, pas son importance écologique réelle.
Comment nous sélectionnons les espèces affichées
Le graphe affiche au plus 31 nœuds par fiche (1 centre + 15 bulles depth=1 + 15 partenaires depth=2). Le serveur sélectionne intelligemment :
- Bulles famille créées si une cascade taxonomique existe ou si ≥3 espèces directement documentées partagent une même famille — les espèces sont absorbées dans la bulle (pas de doublon visuel)
- Espèces individuelles uniquement quand <3 dans une famille (sans cascade) — relations directes documentées
- Pas d'espèces inférées affichées en doublon — les cascades sont représentées via les bulles famille uniquement
- Partenaires depth=2 sélectionnés via algo priorité : candidat partagé par ≥2 docs de la famille (food web central) → reliant entre bulles → top sum_obs en dernier recours
- Sous-types GloBI traduits en français au survol de la flèche (chasse, parasite, parasitoïde, mycorhize…)
Le toggle Profondeur 1 ↔ 2 client-side cache ou affiche les partenaires depth=2 sans refetch. Filtres règne, type d'interaction, ordres/familles, patrimoniales et commune recalculent côté serveur (slow path live ~1-2 s).
Indicateurs avancés (mode expert) : Modularité Q (Newman 2006, PNAS), communautés (Louvain, Blondel et al. 2008, J. Stat. Mech.), nestedness NODF (Almeida-Neto et al. 2008, Oikos).
Source : GloBI · TAXREF v18 (INPN/MNHN) · BDC-Statuts · Wikidata
44 partenaires écologiques documentés directement dans GloBI.
Partenaires
44
Espèces avec interactions documentées
Types d'interactions
5
Prédation, pollinisation, parasitisme…
Connectance
0.057
Densité des liens dans le sous-graphe affiché
Rang animalia
92 %
Percentile vs ensemble des animalia
Liste rouge IUCN
LC · Préoccupation mineure↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2025 · v3.1
- Altitude
- – m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
The populations are apparently in decline in parts of its range, especially in the lower mountain foothills, likely caused by climate and land use change. It can be extremely numerous in suitable localities but is subject to severe fluctuations in abundance. In Ukraine, there seems to have been a clear decline in the last 20 years (V. Radchenko, pers. comm. 2023).
Menaces identifiées(1 menace classée CMP-IUCN)
11_1Habitat shifting & alterationSlow, Significant DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
In their synthetic book “Bumblebees of Europe and neighbouring regions”, Rasmont et al. (2021) expressed concern about the conservation of B. mesomelas. Data collected in the last decades suggest an unambiguous decline of the populations of this species in Europe, especially in the hills of Central Europe where local extirpations have been reported.
Results from climate and land use change modeling also suggest that B. mesomelas is expected to lose a significant part of climatically suitable territories by the end of the century. Under the most severe climate change scenario modeled by Rasmont et al. (2015) (GRAS), the species could lose up to 77% of climatically suitable areas by 2100 (under a no dispersal model, and up to 53% under a full dispersal model). The latter authors placed the species into the category “High climate change risk”, reflecting the potential risk of climate change on this species. Projections of ecological niche models by Ghisbain et al. (2023), considering both land use change and climate change, also predict substantial reductions in ecologically suitable areas for B. mesomelas in Europe by 2061-2080 (up to 36% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario). In addition, the potential for B. mesomelas to successfully disperse in the areas that will remain climatically and/or ecologically suitable is unknown. It also remains unpredictable whether the areas that are projected to appear “suitable” for the species in the future will remain clear of additional anthropogenic stressors not considered in the models of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023). These additional (and likely synergistic) pressures include infrastructure development (for tourism and transport), pesticide use, pollution (by nitrogen and its subsequent impact onnitrophobic flowering plants, or by heavy metals), the spread of exotic invasive plants, the invasion of managed species and subsequent pathogen spillover, among other potential stressors known to substantially impact bumblebee populations.
It is also unclear whether climatic events not considered in the models of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023), such as the increased occurrence of droughts, heat waves, or storms will also modify the future range of this species. The resistance of B. mesomelas to acute heat stress is high relative to that of other bumblebees tested in Martinet et al. (2021). Previous works on another bumblebee model have demonstrated impaired cognition of these bees at elevated temperature (Gérard et al. 2022), as well as reduced fertility (Martinet et al. 2020), and research is needed as to whether B. mesomelas would be similarly threatened by repeated exposures to such temperatures.
Whether the flowering plants the species is most strongly associated with will remain sufficiently abundant in the future is also unknown. Wood et al. (2021) showed that the diet of B. mesomelas is strongly associated with Fabaceae. The decline of this resource, largely due to increased soil concentrations of nitrogen from industrial fertilizers, could continue to negatively affect the populations of B. mesomelas in Europe.
Results from climate and land use change modeling also suggest that B. mesomelas is expected to lose a significant part of climatically suitable territories by the end of the century. Under the most severe climate change scenario modeled by Rasmont et al. (2015) (GRAS), the species could lose up to 77% of climatically suitable areas by 2100 (under a no dispersal model, and up to 53% under a full dispersal model). The latter authors placed the species into the category “High climate change risk”, reflecting the potential risk of climate change on this species. Projections of ecological niche models by Ghisbain et al. (2023), considering both land use change and climate change, also predict substantial reductions in ecologically suitable areas for B. mesomelas in Europe by 2061-2080 (up to 36% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario). In addition, the potential for B. mesomelas to successfully disperse in the areas that will remain climatically and/or ecologically suitable is unknown. It also remains unpredictable whether the areas that are projected to appear “suitable” for the species in the future will remain clear of additional anthropogenic stressors not considered in the models of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023). These additional (and likely synergistic) pressures include infrastructure development (for tourism and transport), pesticide use, pollution (by nitrogen and its subsequent impact onnitrophobic flowering plants, or by heavy metals), the spread of exotic invasive plants, the invasion of managed species and subsequent pathogen spillover, among other potential stressors known to substantially impact bumblebee populations.
It is also unclear whether climatic events not considered in the models of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023), such as the increased occurrence of droughts, heat waves, or storms will also modify the future range of this species. The resistance of B. mesomelas to acute heat stress is high relative to that of other bumblebees tested in Martinet et al. (2021). Previous works on another bumblebee model have demonstrated impaired cognition of these bees at elevated temperature (Gérard et al. 2022), as well as reduced fertility (Martinet et al. 2020), and research is needed as to whether B. mesomelas would be similarly threatened by repeated exposures to such temperatures.
Whether the flowering plants the species is most strongly associated with will remain sufficiently abundant in the future is also unknown. Wood et al. (2021) showed that the diet of B. mesomelas is strongly associated with Fabaceae. The decline of this resource, largely due to increased soil concentrations of nitrogen from industrial fertilizers, could continue to negatively affect the populations of B. mesomelas in Europe.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
1_4Forest - Temperate★4_4Grassland - Temperate★
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following European countries: Switzerland (Vulnerable; Amiet 1994), Czechia (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005; Hejda et al. 2017) and Germany (Regionally Extinct; Westrich et al. 2011). This species occurs in protected areas.
General efforts aimed at pollinator conservation may maintain B. mesomelas populations. At local scales, appropriate conservation efforts include low-intensity grassland management (i.e. reduced grazing or cutting frequency) offering B. mesomelas an adequate vegetation structure for nesting, foraging, mating and overwintering. Suitable habitats should exhibit a very minimal to null exposure to land use stressors such as pesticides (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides), overgrazing, intensive plowing where the species builds its nest, and cutting plants before the peak of the flowering period (cf. the general works of Williams and Osborne 2007, Goulson et al. 2008, Cameron and Sadd 2020, Rasmont et al. 2021, Williams 2023 about bumblebee conservation). These areas should be connected to other stepping-stone habitats by ecological corridors to allow gene flow between populations of B. mesomelas. At macroscale, suitable efforts include (i) strengthened regulations about greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the ongoing climate change and its subsequent impact on bumblebees and other insects, (ii) strengthened regulations regarding pesticide use to address the contamination of ecosystems, (iii) robust mitigation strategies for protecting and restoring habitats across anthropogenically transformed land, (iv) the creation of highly-connected flower rich areas (within and across nations) that would constitute ecologically suitable shelters for B. mesomelas and other insects, as well as hotspots of public awareness.
General efforts aimed at pollinator conservation may maintain B. mesomelas populations. At local scales, appropriate conservation efforts include low-intensity grassland management (i.e. reduced grazing or cutting frequency) offering B. mesomelas an adequate vegetation structure for nesting, foraging, mating and overwintering. Suitable habitats should exhibit a very minimal to null exposure to land use stressors such as pesticides (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides), overgrazing, intensive plowing where the species builds its nest, and cutting plants before the peak of the flowering period (cf. the general works of Williams and Osborne 2007, Goulson et al. 2008, Cameron and Sadd 2020, Rasmont et al. 2021, Williams 2023 about bumblebee conservation). These areas should be connected to other stepping-stone habitats by ecological corridors to allow gene flow between populations of B. mesomelas. At macroscale, suitable efforts include (i) strengthened regulations about greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the ongoing climate change and its subsequent impact on bumblebees and other insects, (ii) strengthened regulations regarding pesticide use to address the contamination of ecosystems, (iii) robust mitigation strategies for protecting and restoring habitats across anthropogenically transformed land, (iv) the creation of highly-connected flower rich areas (within and across nations) that would constitute ecologically suitable shelters for B. mesomelas and other insects, as well as hotspots of public awareness.
Stress écologiques (2)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Palearctic
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Références bibliographiques (22)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2025. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2025-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 10 October 2025).
- Ghisbain, G., Thiery, W., Massonnet, F., Erazo, D., Rasmont, P., Michez, D. and Dellicour, S. 2023 (online). Projected decline in European bumblebee populations in the twenty-first century. <i>Nature</i> 628: 337-341.
- Williams, P.H. 2023. Can biogeography help bumblebee conservation? <i>European Journal of Taxonomy</i> 890(1): 165-183.
- Gérard, M., Amiri, A., Cariou, B. and Baird, E. 2022. Short-term exposure to heatwave-like temperatures affects learning and memory in bumblebees. <i>Global Change Biology</i> 28(14): 4251-4259. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16196
- Martinet, B., Dellicour, S., Ghisbain, G., Przybyla, K., Zambra, E., Lecocq, T., Boustani, M., Baghirov, R., Michez, D. and Rasmont, P. 2021. Global effects of extreme temperatures on wild bumblebees. <i>Conservation Biology</i> 35: 1507-1518.
- Rasmont, P., Ghisbain, G. and Terzo, M. 2021. <i>Bumblebees of Europe and neighbouring regions</i>. NAP Editions, Verrières-le-Buisson, France.
- Wood, T., Ghisbain, G., Rasmont, P., Kleijn, D., Raemakers, I., Praz, C., Killewald, M., Gibbs, J., Bobiwash, K., Boustani, M., Martinet, B. and Michez, D. 2021. Global patterns in bumble bee pollen collection show phylogenetic conservation of diet. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i> 90(10): 2421-2430.
- Martinet, B., Zambra, E., Przybyla, K., Lecocq, T., Anselmo, A., Nonclercq, D., Rasmont, P., Michez, D. and Hennebert, E. 2020. Mating under climate change: Impact of simulated heatwaves on the reproduction of model pollinators. <i>Functional Ecology - British Ecological Society</i> 35(3): 739-752. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13738.
- Cameron, S.A. and Sadd, B.M. 2020. Global Trends in Bumble Bee Health. <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i> 65: 209-232.
- Hejda, R., Farkač, J. and Chobot, K. (eds.). 2017. <i>Červený seznam ohrožených druhů České republiky. Bezobratlí [Red List of threatened species of the Czech Republic. Invertebrates]</i>. Příroda, Praha.
- Rasmont P., Franzén M., Lecocq T., Harpke A., Roberts S.P.M., Biesmeijer J.C., Castro L., Cederberg B., Dvorák L., Fitzpatrick Ú., Gonseth Y., Haubruge E., Mahé G., Manino A., Michez D., Neumayer J., Ødegaard F., Paukkunen J., Pawlikowski T., Potts S.G., Reemer M., J. Settele, J. Straka, Schweiger O. 2015. Climatic Risk and Distribution Atlas of European Bumblebees. Biorisk 10 (<i>Special Issue</i>).
- Nieto, A., Roberts, S.P.M., Kemp, J., Rasmont, P., Kuhlmann, M., García Criado, M., Biesmeijer, J.C., Bogusch, P., Dathe, H.H., De la Rúa, P., De Meulemeester, T., Dehon, M., Dewulf, A., Ortiz-Sánchez, F.J., Lhomme, P., Pauly, A., Potts, S.G., Praz, C., Quaranta, M., Radchenko, V.G., Scheuchl, E., Smit, J., Straka, J., Terzo, M., Tomozii, B., Window, J. and Michez, D. 2014. <i>European Red List of bees</i>. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
- Rasmont, P. and Iserbyt, S. 2012. The Bumblebees Scarcity Syndrome: Are heat waves leading to local extinctions of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: <i>Bombus</i>)? <i>Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)</i> 48(3-4): 275-280.
- Franzén, M. and Molander, M. 2012. How threatened are alpine environments? a cross taxonomic study. <i>Biodiversity Conservation</i> 21: 517-526.
- Iserbyt, S. and Rasmont, P. 2012. The effect of climatic variation on abundance and diversity of bumblebees: a ten years survey in a mountain hotspot. <i>Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)</i> 48(3-4): 261-273.
- Westrich, P., Frommer, U., Mandery, K., Riemann, H., Ruhnke, H., Saure, C. and Voith, J. 2011. Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Bienen (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Deutschlands - (5. Fassung, Dezember 2011) [Red List and complete species list of bees in Germany]. In: Bundesamt für Naturschutz (ed.), <i>Rote Liste der gefährdeter Tiere, Pflanzen und Pilze Deutschlands. Band 3: Wirbellose Tiere (Teil 1) [Red List of threatened animals, plants and fungi of Germany]</i>, pp. 371-416. Bonn.
- Rasmont, P. and Iserbyt, I. 2010-2012. Atlas of the European Bees: genus <i>Bombus</i>. STEP Project. Atlas Hymenoptera. Mons Available at: <a href="http://www.zoologie.umh.ac.be//hymenoptera/page.asp?ID=169">http://www.zoologie.umh.ac.be//hymenoptera/page.asp?ID=169</a>.
- Williams, P.H., Colla, S.R. and Xie, Z. 2009. Bumblebee vulnerability: common correlates of winners and losers across three continents. <i>Conservation Biology</i> 23: 931-940.
- Goulson, D., Lye, G.C. and Darvil, B. 2008. Decline and conservation of bumble bees. <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i> 53: 11.1–11.18.
- Williams, P.H. and Osborne, J.L. 2007. Bumblebee vulnerability and conservation world-wide. <i>Apidologie</i> 40(3): 367-387.
- Farkac, J., Král, D. and Škorpík, M. 2005. List of threatened species in Czech Republic. Invertebrates. Available at: <a href="http://www.nationalredlist.org/site.aspx?&species=18217&pageid=116">http://www.nationalredlist.org/site.aspx?&species=18217&pageid=116</a>.
- Amiet, F. 1994. Liste rouge des abeilles menacées de Suisse. In: P. Duelli (ed.), <i>Listes rouges des espèces animales menacées de Suisse</i>, pp. 38-44. Office fédéral de l’environnement, des forêts et du paysage, Berne.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Ghisbain, G., Praz, C., Rasmont, P., Williams, P., Cederberg, B., Devalez, J., Flaminio, S., Biella, P., Radchenko, V. & Dellicour, S.
contributor
Benrezkallah, J., Boustani, M., De Manincor, N., Michez, D. & Sentil, A.
evaluator
Tourbez, C.
facilitators
Bellotto, V., Put, S., Trottet, A. & Verëll, V.
Ghisbain, G., Praz, C., Rasmont, P., Williams, P., Cederberg, B., Devalez, J., Flaminio, S., Biella, P., Radchenko, V. & Dellicour, S. 2025. Bombus mesomelas (Europe assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T13342102A222009609. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Répartition mondiale
Aucune observation géoréférencée avec précision suffisante (<10 km) dans GBIF pour cette espèce.
Consulter sur les bases externes
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (5)— redirigent vers cette page
- Apis agrorumSchrank, 1781
- Apis arvensisGmelin, 1790
- Bombus elegans alboluteusVogt, 1909
- Bombus mesomelas wendicaDalla Torre, 1879
- Bombus pomorum elegans
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).