Bombus armeniacus
Radoszkowski, 1877
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Chargement du graphe…
Indicateurs du réseau écologique
Comment lire ce graphe
Ce graphe représente les interactions écologiques documentées entre Bombus armeniacus et d'autres espèces, à partir de la base GloBI (Global Biotic Interactions, agrégation mondiale de la littérature scientifique) — source principale, complétée par d'autres jeux de données d'interactions agrégés par Ontologia. Il faut le comprendre comme une carte du savoir documenté, pas une carte de la réalité écologique exhaustive.
Limites principales
- Incomplet. La majorité des interactions écologiques en milieu naturel n'ont jamais été publiées. Une espèce sans liens visibles n'est pas isolée — elle est probablement mal étudiée.
- Biais publication pharmaco-agronomique. La littérature des interactions est polarisée par les enjeux économiques et sanitaires : parasitism / pathogen sur-pondéré sur les mammifères (recherche zoonoses, vecteurs), herbivory sur-pondéré sur les insectes phytophages (entomologie agronomique). À l'inverse, mutualisms, commensalisms et interactions sol/microbiote sont sous-cités. Conseil de lecture : sur les hubs mammifères ou les insectes ravageurs de culture, lire les arêtes parasitism / herbivory dominantes relativement au contexte de littérature, pas comme une mesure d'intensité écologique brute. Détails §10.1.
- Biaisé vers les espèces étudiées. Quelques espèces (oiseaux communs, abeille mellifère, espèces modèles) concentrent disproportionnellement plus d'interactions documentées. Notre score composite ajoute un malus aux hubs de littérature pour atténuer cette dominance visuelle.
- Interactions documentées globalement. Toutes les espèces affichées sont observées en France métropolitaine (les observations sont filtrées sur le territoire métropolitain), mais les interactions entre elles proviennent de la littérature scientifique mondiale. Une interaction documentée à l'étranger peut ne pas se réaliser à l'identique sur votre territoire. Le filtre « restreindre à ma commune » tient compte de la co-occurrence spatiale locale mais ne garantit pas l'interaction effective.
- Sans dimension temporelle. Les variations saisonnières (migration, floraison, cycle de vie) ne sont pas modélisées.
- Force d'interaction approximative. L'épaisseur des liens reflète le nombre de fois où l'interaction a été rapportée dans la littérature, pas son importance écologique réelle.
Comment nous sélectionnons les espèces affichées
Le graphe affiche au plus 31 nœuds par fiche (1 centre + 15 bulles depth=1 + 15 partenaires depth=2). Le serveur sélectionne intelligemment :
- Bulles famille créées si une cascade taxonomique existe ou si ≥3 espèces directement documentées partagent une même famille — les espèces sont absorbées dans la bulle (pas de doublon visuel)
- Espèces individuelles uniquement quand <3 dans une famille (sans cascade) — relations directes documentées
- Pas d'espèces inférées affichées en doublon — les cascades sont représentées via les bulles famille uniquement
- Partenaires depth=2 sélectionnés via algo priorité : candidat partagé par ≥2 docs de la famille (food web central) → reliant entre bulles → top sum_obs en dernier recours
- Sous-types GloBI traduits en français au survol de la flèche (chasse, parasite, parasitoïde, mycorhize…)
Le toggle Profondeur 1 ↔ 2 client-side cache ou affiche les partenaires depth=2 sans refetch. Filtres règne, type d'interaction, ordres/familles, patrimoniales et commune recalculent côté serveur (slow path live ~1-2 s).
Indicateurs avancés (mode expert) : Modularité Q (Newman 2006, PNAS), communautés (Louvain, Blondel et al. 2008, J. Stat. Mech.), nestedness NODF (Almeida-Neto et al. 2008, Oikos).
Source : GloBI · TAXREF v18 (INPN/MNHN) · BDC-Statuts · Wikidata
5 partenaires écologiques documentés directement dans GloBI.
Partenaires
5
Espèces avec interactions documentées
Types d'interactions
1
Prédation, pollinisation, parasitisme…
Connectance
0.111
Densité des liens dans le sous-graphe affiché
Rang animalia
64 %
Percentile vs ensemble des animalia
Liste rouge IUCN
EN · En dangercritères B2ab(i,ii,iii)↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2025 · v3.1
- Altitude
- – m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
The European populations of Bombus armeniacus have very severely declined in the last decades (cf. the map of the species at the west-Palaearctic scale in Rasmont et al. 2021), probably due to widespread habitat loss. The species has completely disappeared decades ago from Austria (von Hagen 1994). There was already evidence of strong declines after the large-scale heat wave of 2003 and the following drought in 2004-2007; field observations revealed that the species was missing from many localities where it occurred a decade earlier (P. Rasmont pers. comm. 2013).
Given the past rates of habitat transformation and the impact of escalating threats, population declines are expected to continue and even intensify in the future as a result of ongoing habitat loss (i.e. the climate change driven degradation of true steppes of Eastern Europe) and the increasing impacts of extreme climatic events, likely to cause abrupt population collapses in many bumblebee species (Rasmont and Iserbyt 2012, Martinet et al. 2021).
Although it remains unclear whether the lack of recent data from some areas in eastern Europe and the Balkans is due to a low sampling effort or an actual decline of the species, collections examined by European experts have not revealed the recent presence of B. armeniacus from these regions (G. Ghisbain pers. comm. 2023; P. Rasmont, pers. comm. 2023). Over 50% of the species occurs in small subpopulations which are isolated from each other. Whilst there are no data to show whether these small subpopulations are viable, it is possible that they will not be viable in the long term and so it is precautionarily considered to be severely fragmented.
Given the past rates of habitat transformation and the impact of escalating threats, population declines are expected to continue and even intensify in the future as a result of ongoing habitat loss (i.e. the climate change driven degradation of true steppes of Eastern Europe) and the increasing impacts of extreme climatic events, likely to cause abrupt population collapses in many bumblebee species (Rasmont and Iserbyt 2012, Martinet et al. 2021).
Although it remains unclear whether the lack of recent data from some areas in eastern Europe and the Balkans is due to a low sampling effort or an actual decline of the species, collections examined by European experts have not revealed the recent presence of B. armeniacus from these regions (G. Ghisbain pers. comm. 2023; P. Rasmont, pers. comm. 2023). Over 50% of the species occurs in small subpopulations which are isolated from each other. Whilst there are no data to show whether these small subpopulations are viable, it is possible that they will not be viable in the long term and so it is precautionarily considered to be severely fragmented.
Menaces identifiées(5 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
11_2DroughtsRapid DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing11_3Temperature extremesRapid DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing2_1_1Shifting agricultureRapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing2_1_3Agro-industry farmingRapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing11_1Habitat shifting & alterationSlow, Significant DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
In their synthetic book “Bumblebees of Europe and neighbouring regions”, Rasmont et al. (2021) expressed concern about the conservation of Bombus armeniacus in Europe. Data collected in the last decades suggest an unambiguous decline of the populations of this species in the western part of its European range, for instance, in Austria, where the species now seems to be locally extinct. The intensification of agriculture is likely to be a leading cause of the substantial reduction of the habitats suitable for B. armeniacus. This species inhabits primary steppes, most of which have been converted for intensive agriculture across the species' range. This habitat transformation could continue at rates at least as high as those previously and currently observed. Climate change-driven degradation of true steppes of eastern Europe might also be expected due to changes in precipitation regimes, which might in turn affect the already altered populations of B. armeniacus.
No model studying the impact of climate change and land use change is available in the European-scale studies of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023) due to a lack of recent data of B. armeniacus on the continent. The potential for B. armeniacus to successfully disperse in ecologically and/or climatically suitable areas in the near future is unknown. It is unpredictable whether areas with (likely synergistic) pressures including infrastructure development (for tourism and transport), pesticide use, pollution (by nitrogen and its subsequent impact on nitrophobic flowering plants, or by heavy metals), the spread of exotic invasive plants, the invasion of managed species and subsequent pathogen spillover, will be remain suitable for populations of B. armeniacus. It is also unclear whether climatic events such as the increased occurrence of droughts, heat waves, or storms will also modify the future range of this species. The resistance of B. armeniacus to acute heat stress is unknown. Previous works on another bumblebee model have demonstrated impaired cognition of these bees at elevated temperature (Gérard et al. 2022), as well as reduced fertility (Martinet et al. 2020), and research is needed as to whether B. armeniacus would be similarly threatened by repeated exposures to such temperatures.
Whether the flowering plants the species is most strongly associated with will remain sufficiently abundant in the future is also unknown. Wood et al. (2021) showed that the diet of B. armeniacus is relatively strongly associated with Fabaceae. The decline of this resource, largely due to increased soil concentrations of nitrogen from industrial fertilisers, could continue to negatively affect the remaining populations of B. armeniacus in Europe.
No model studying the impact of climate change and land use change is available in the European-scale studies of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023) due to a lack of recent data of B. armeniacus on the continent. The potential for B. armeniacus to successfully disperse in ecologically and/or climatically suitable areas in the near future is unknown. It is unpredictable whether areas with (likely synergistic) pressures including infrastructure development (for tourism and transport), pesticide use, pollution (by nitrogen and its subsequent impact on nitrophobic flowering plants, or by heavy metals), the spread of exotic invasive plants, the invasion of managed species and subsequent pathogen spillover, will be remain suitable for populations of B. armeniacus. It is also unclear whether climatic events such as the increased occurrence of droughts, heat waves, or storms will also modify the future range of this species. The resistance of B. armeniacus to acute heat stress is unknown. Previous works on another bumblebee model have demonstrated impaired cognition of these bees at elevated temperature (Gérard et al. 2022), as well as reduced fertility (Martinet et al. 2020), and research is needed as to whether B. armeniacus would be similarly threatened by repeated exposures to such temperatures.
Whether the flowering plants the species is most strongly associated with will remain sufficiently abundant in the future is also unknown. Wood et al. (2021) showed that the diet of B. armeniacus is relatively strongly associated with Fabaceae. The decline of this resource, largely due to increased soil concentrations of nitrogen from industrial fertilisers, could continue to negatively affect the remaining populations of B. armeniacus in Europe.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
4_4Grassland - Temperate★
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
Bombus armeniacus is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following two European countries: Czechia (Data Deficient; Hejda et al. 2017) and Ukraine (Endangered; Monchenko et al. 2009). The species was listed in the previous National Red List of the Czechia in a different category (Regionally Extinct; Farkac et al. 2005). Further research is required to establish the current status of the species in European Russia and Ukraine. This species occurs in protected areas.
General efforts aimed at pollinator conservation may contribute to maintaining the remaining B. armeniacus populations in Eastern Europe. At local scales, appropriate conservation efforts include low-intensity grassland management (i.e. reduced grazing or cutting frequency) offering B. armeniacus an adequate vegetation structure for nesting, foraging, mating and overwintering. Suitable habitats should exhibit a very minimal to null exposure to land use stressors such as pesticides (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides), overgrazing, intensive plowing where the species builds its nest, and cutting plants before the peak of the flowering period (cf. the general works of Williams and Osborne 2007, Goulson et al. 2008, Cameron and Sadd, 2020, Rasmont et al. 2021, Williams 2023 about bumblebee conservation). These areas should be connected to other stepping-stone habitats by ecological corridors to allow gene flow between populations of B. armeniacus. At macroscale, suitable efforts include (i) strengthened regulations about greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the ongoing climate change and its subsequent impact on bumblebees and other insects, (ii) strengthened regulations regarding pesticide use to address the contamination of ecosystems, (iii) robust mitigation strategies for protecting and restoring habitats across anthropogenically transformed land, (iv) the creation of highly-connected flower rich areas (within and across nations) that would constitute ecologically suitable shelters for B. armeniacus and other insects, as well as hotspots of public awareness.
General efforts aimed at pollinator conservation may contribute to maintaining the remaining B. armeniacus populations in Eastern Europe. At local scales, appropriate conservation efforts include low-intensity grassland management (i.e. reduced grazing or cutting frequency) offering B. armeniacus an adequate vegetation structure for nesting, foraging, mating and overwintering. Suitable habitats should exhibit a very minimal to null exposure to land use stressors such as pesticides (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides), overgrazing, intensive plowing where the species builds its nest, and cutting plants before the peak of the flowering period (cf. the general works of Williams and Osborne 2007, Goulson et al. 2008, Cameron and Sadd, 2020, Rasmont et al. 2021, Williams 2023 about bumblebee conservation). These areas should be connected to other stepping-stone habitats by ecological corridors to allow gene flow between populations of B. armeniacus. At macroscale, suitable efforts include (i) strengthened regulations about greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the ongoing climate change and its subsequent impact on bumblebees and other insects, (ii) strengthened regulations regarding pesticide use to address the contamination of ecosystems, (iii) robust mitigation strategies for protecting and restoring habitats across anthropogenically transformed land, (iv) the creation of highly-connected flower rich areas (within and across nations) that would constitute ecologically suitable shelters for B. armeniacus and other insects, as well as hotspots of public awareness.
Actions de conservation (2)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_2Resource & habitat protection4_3Awareness & communications
Stress écologiques (10)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality
Priorités de recherche (1)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Palearctic
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Références bibliographiques (23)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2025. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2025-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 10 October 2025).
- Williams, P.H. 2023. Can biogeography help bumblebee conservation? <i>European journal of taxonomy</i> 890: 165-183.
- Ghisbain, G., Rosa, P., Bogush, P., Flaminio, S., Le Divelec, R., Dorchin, A., Kasparek, M., Kuhlmann, S., Litman, J., Mignot, M., Müller, A., Praz, C., Radchenko, V., Rasmont, P., Risch, S., Roberts, S.P.M., Smit, J., Wood, T.J., Michez, D. and Reverté, S. 2023. The new annotated checklist of the wild bees of Europe (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). <i>Zootaxa</i> 5327(1): 1–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5327.1.1.
- Gérard, M., Amiri, A., Cariou, B. and Baird, E. 2022. Short-term exposure to heatwave-like temperatures affects learning and memory in bumblebees. <i>Global Change Biology</i> 28(14): 4251-4259. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16196
- Rasmont, P., Ghisbain, G. and Terzo, M. 2021. <i>Bumblebees of Europe and neighbouring regions</i>. NAP Editions, Verrières-le-Buisson, France.
- Martinet, B., Dellicour, S., Ghisbain, G., Przybyla, K., Zambra, E., Lecocq, T., Boustani, M., Baghirov, R., Michez, D. and Rasmont, P. 2021. Global effects of extreme temperatures on wild bumblebees. <i>Conservation Biology</i> 35: 1507-1518.
- Wood, T., Ghisbain, G., Rasmont, P., Kleijn, D., Raemakers, I., Praz, C., Killewald, M., Gibbs, J., Bobiwash, K., Boustani, M., Martinet, B. and Michez, D. 2021. Global patterns in bumble bee pollen collection show phylogenetic conservation of diet. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i> 90(10): 2421-2430.
- Martinet, B., Zambra, E., Przybyla, K., Lecocq, T., Anselmo, A., Nonclercq, D., Rasmont, P., Michez, D. and Hennebert, E. 2020. Mating under climate change: Impact of simulated heatwaves on the reproduction of model pollinators. <i>Functional Ecology - British Ecological Society</i> 35(3): 739-752. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13738.
- Cameron, S.A. and Sadd, B.M. 2020. Global Trends in Bumble Bee Health. <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i> 65: 209-232.
- Hejda, R., Farkač, J. and Chobot, K. (eds.). 2017. <i>Červený seznam ohrožených druhů České republiky. Bezobratlí [Red List of threatened species of the Czech Republic. Invertebrates]</i>. Příroda, Praha.
- Rasmont P., Franzén M., Lecocq T., Harpke A., Roberts S.P.M., Biesmeijer J.C., Castro L., Cederberg B., Dvorák L., Fitzpatrick Ú., Gonseth Y., Haubruge E., Mahé G., Manino A., Michez D., Neumayer J., Ødegaard F., Paukkunen J., Pawlikowski T., Potts S.G., Reemer M., J. Settele, J. Straka, Schweiger O. 2015. Climatic Risk and Distribution Atlas of European Bumblebees. Biorisk 10 (<i>Special Issue</i>).
- Nieto, A., Roberts, S.P.M., Kemp, J., Rasmont, P., Kuhlmann, M., García Criado, M., Biesmeijer, J.C., Bogusch, P., Dathe, H.H., De la Rúa, P., De Meulemeester, T., Dehon, M., Dewulf, A., Ortiz-Sánchez, F.J., Lhomme, P., Pauly, A., Potts, S.G., Praz, C., Quaranta, M., Radchenko, V.G., Scheuchl, E., Smit, J., Straka, J., Terzo, M., Tomozii, B., Window, J. and Michez, D. 2014. <i>European Red List of bees</i>. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
- Rasmont, P. and Iserbyt, S. 2012. The Bumblebees Scarcity Syndrome: Are heat waves leading to local extinctions of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: <i>Bombus</i>)? <i>Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)</i> 48(3-4): 275-280.
- Monchenko, V.I., Ermolenko, V.M., Movchan, Y.V. and Szczerbak, M.M. 2009. <i>Red Data Book of Ukraine - Animal kingdom</i>. Global consulting, Kiev.
- Williams, P.H., Colla, S.R. and Xie, Z. 2009. Bumblebee vulnerability: common correlates of winners and losers across three continents. <i>Conservation Biology</i> 23: 931-940.
- Goulson, D., Lye, G.C. and Darvil, B. 2008. Decline and conservation of bumble bees. <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i> 53: 11.1–11.18.
- Williams, P.H. and Osborne, J.L. 2007. Bumblebee vulnerability and conservation world-wide. <i>Apidologie</i> 40(3): 367-387.
- Farkac, J., Král, D. and Škorpík, M. 2005. List of threatened species in Czech Republic. Invertebrates. Available at: <a href="http://www.nationalredlist.org/site.aspx?&species=18217&pageid=116">http://www.nationalredlist.org/site.aspx?&species=18217&pageid=116</a>.
- von Hagen, E. 1994. <i>Hummeln</i>. Naturbuch Verlag, Melsungen.
- Tkalců B. 1987. Nouveaux synonymes chez les Bombinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). <i>Bulletin de la Société entomologique de Mulhouse</i> 1987(59-64).
- Pittioni, B. 1939. Die Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln der Balkan-Halbinsel mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fauna Bulgariens. II: Spezieller Teil. <i>Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia</i> 12: 49-122.
- Pittioni, B. 1938. Die Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln der Balkan-Halbinsel mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fauna Bulgariens. I: Allgemeiner Teil. <i>Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia</i> 11: 12-69.
- Skorikov, A.S. 1931. Die Hummelfauna Turkestans und ihre Beziehungen zur zentralasiatischen Fauna (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). Abhandlungen der Pamir-Expedition 1928. <i>Zoology</i> 8(175-247).
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Ghisbain, G., Praz, C., Rasmont, P., Williams, P., Cederberg, B., Devalez, J., Flaminio, S., Biella, P., Radchenko, V. & Dellicour, S.
contributor
Benrezkallah, J., Boustani, M., De Manincor, N., Michez, D. & Sentil, A.
evaluator
Tourbez, C.
facilitators
Bellotto, V., Put, S., Trottet, A. & Verëll, V.
Ghisbain, G., Praz, C., Rasmont, P., Williams, P., Cederberg, B., Devalez, J., Flaminio, S., Biella, P., Radchenko, V. & Dellicour, S. 2025. Bombus armeniacus (Europe assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T13357764A222004919. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Répartition mondiale
Aucune observation géoréférencée avec précision suffisante (<10 km) dans GBIF pour cette espèce.
Consulter sur les bases externes
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (3)— redirigent vers cette page
- Bombus pallasiVogt, 1909
- Bombus pomorum armeniacusRadoszkowski, 1877
- Fervidobombus scythesSkorikov, 1925
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).