Aegilops mutica
Boiss.
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
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Calcul du tissu écologique de Aegilops mutica.
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Liste rouge IUCN
EN · En dangercritères B2ab(iii)↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2017 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 600 – 1250 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
The species occurs in loose stands, with both varieties, Amblyopyrum muticum var. loliaceum and A. muticum var. muticum, growing intermingled (van Slageren 1994). In Armenia, Harutyunyan et al. (2008) report very few plants and Fayvush (2009) highlights that only one small subpopulations is known.
Menaces identifiées(2 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
11_5Other impactsOngoing2_3_4Scale Unknown/UnrecordedVery Rapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
This species is threatened by overgrazing. In Armenia overgrazing is the major threat affecting the Erebuni State Reserve and several sites within the reserve have been degraded (Harutyunyan et al. 2008). In addition to habitat changes, the species is also affected by climate change (Fayvush 2009).
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
14_3Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations17Other4_4Grassland - Temperate
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
The genus Aegilops is listed in Annex I of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture as part of the wheat gene pool.
In Armenia it was assessed under Category 1 (Endangered species) in the first edition of the Red Book of Armenia (Ghazaryan 1989) and it has been more recently assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) [B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)] (Fayvush 2009). It is also included in the Annexes of CITES and that of the Bern Convention for Armenia (Harutyunyan et al. 2008).
There are 43 germplasm accessions of wild origin reported by Genesys of which 22 are backed up at a second genebank. Furthermore, seven accessions are duplicated and conserved ex situ in the Svalbard Seed Vault. Out of the 43 accessions, 38 were collected within the species' native range (34 from Turkey and four from Armenia). One accession was collected in Iran, which is outside the species' known native range and a further four come from undisclosed country of origin (Genesys Global Portal on Plant Genetic Resources 2017).
According to Harutyunyan et al. (2008), in Armenia, this species is found near the Erebuni State Reserve, a conservation area that was specifically created to protect endemic xerophytes and the unique mountainous complex where numerous cereal wild relatives can be found. However Fayvush (2009) reports it to occur within the reserve and highlights the need to implement a population monitoring plan. In addition, Harutyunyan et al. (2008) highlights that several conservation and use actions of Aegilops species (including Aegilops mutica a synonym of Amblyopyrum muticum) have been undertaken, namely field surveys to collect seed to conserve ex situ, to discover new subpopulations and monitor populations in situ; evaluation of seed accessions; creation of a field gene bank where sowings, observations, morphological, physiological and cytoghenetic investigations are carried out; contributing with material to crop breeding, etc. Nevertheless the authors do not specify which of these actions target specifically A. muticum.
In Armenia it was assessed under Category 1 (Endangered species) in the first edition of the Red Book of Armenia (Ghazaryan 1989) and it has been more recently assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) [B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)] (Fayvush 2009). It is also included in the Annexes of CITES and that of the Bern Convention for Armenia (Harutyunyan et al. 2008).
There are 43 germplasm accessions of wild origin reported by Genesys of which 22 are backed up at a second genebank. Furthermore, seven accessions are duplicated and conserved ex situ in the Svalbard Seed Vault. Out of the 43 accessions, 38 were collected within the species' native range (34 from Turkey and four from Armenia). One accession was collected in Iran, which is outside the species' known native range and a further four come from undisclosed country of origin (Genesys Global Portal on Plant Genetic Resources 2017).
According to Harutyunyan et al. (2008), in Armenia, this species is found near the Erebuni State Reserve, a conservation area that was specifically created to protect endemic xerophytes and the unique mountainous complex where numerous cereal wild relatives can be found. However Fayvush (2009) reports it to occur within the reserve and highlights the need to implement a population monitoring plan. In addition, Harutyunyan et al. (2008) highlights that several conservation and use actions of Aegilops species (including Aegilops mutica a synonym of Amblyopyrum muticum) have been undertaken, namely field surveys to collect seed to conserve ex situ, to discover new subpopulations and monitor populations in situ; evaluation of seed accessions; creation of a field gene bank where sowings, observations, morphological, physiological and cytoghenetic investigations are carried out; contributing with material to crop breeding, etc. Nevertheless the authors do not specify which of these actions target specifically A. muticum.
Actions de conservation (4)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_1Site/area protection2_1Site/area management3_2Species recovery3_4_2Genome resource bank
Stress écologiques (3)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality2_2Species disturbance
Priorités de recherche (7)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends1_5Threats1_6Actions2_1Species Action/Recovery Plan2_2Area-based Management Plan3_1Population trends3_4Habitat trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Palearctic
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Formes de croissance
AnnualGraminoid
Références bibliographiques (10)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-3. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 5 December 2017).
- USDA, ARS, GRIN. 2017. Germplasm Resources Information Network [online]. Beltsville (MD) Available at: <a href="http://www.ars-grin.gov/">http://www.ars-grin.gov/</a>. (Accessed: June 2017).
- Genesys Global Portal on Plant Genetic Resources. 2017. Available at: <a href="www.genesys-pgr.org">www.genesys-pgr.org</a>. (Accessed: June 2017).
- ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas). 2017. ICARDA database. (Accessed: July 2017).
- Bioversity International. 2014. Collecting Missions Database. Rome. Available at: <a href="http://bioversity.github.io/geosite/">http://bioversity.github.io/geosite/</a>. (Accessed: July 2017).
- Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. and Scott, B. 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: V. Smith and L. Penev (eds) e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <i>Zookeys</i> 150: 117–126.
- Harutyunyan, M., Avagyan, A. and Hovhannisyan, M. 2008. Impoverishment of the gene pool of the genus <i>Aegilops</i> L. in Armenia. In: Maxted, N., Ford-Lloyd, B.V., Kell, S.P., Iriondo, J.M., Dulloo, M.E. and Turok, J. (eds), <i>Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use</i>, pp. 309-315. CAB International, Wallingford.
- van Slageren, M.W. 1994. <i>Wild wheats: a monograph of </i>Aegilops<i> L. and </i>Amblyopyrum<i> (Jaub. & Spach) Eig (Poaceae)</i>. Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
- Fayvush, G.M. 1989, 2006, 2009. Red Data Book of Armenia SSR. Yerevan Available at: <a href="http://www.mnp.am/red_book_fauna/eng/p1.html">http://www.mnp.am/red_book_fauna/eng/p1.html</a>.
- Ghazaryan, V.H. 1989. <i>Red Book of Armenian SSR</i>. Yerevan, Armenia.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (2)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Magos Brehm, J.
evaluator
Goettsch, B.
Magos Brehm, J. 2017. Amblyopyrum muticum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T110434565A110434568. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Consulter sur les bases externes
Observations & statuts
Cartographie
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (33)— redirigent vers cette page
- Triticum muticum(Boiss.) Hack.
- Aegilops loliaceaJaub. & Spach
- Aegilops loriaceaJaub. & Spach
- Aegilops mutica f. gandiljaniiK.Hammer
- Aegilops mutica f. loliacea(Jaub. & Spach) K.Hammer
- Aegilops mutica f. mutica
- Aegilops mutica f. nuluci(Gandilyan) K.Hammer
- Aegilops mutica f. nurub(Gandilyan) K.Hammer
- Aegilops mutica f. nuruni(Gandilyan) K.Hammer
- Aegilops mutica f. puluci(Gandilyan) K.Hammer
- Aegilops mutica f. puruni(Gandilyan) K.Hammer
- Aegilops mutica subsp. loliacea(Jaub. & Spach) Zhuk.
- Aegilops mutica subsp. tripsacoides(Jaub. & Spach) Zhuk.
- Aegilops mutica var. loliacea(Jaub. & Spach) K.Hammer
- Aegilops mutica var. loliacea(Jaub. & Spach) Eig
- Aegilops mutica var. muruniGandilyan
- Aegilops mutica var. nualGandilyan
- Aegilops mutica var. nuluciGandilyan
- Aegilops mutica var. nurubGandilyan
- Aegilops mutica var. nuruniGandilyan
- Aegilops mutica var. pualGandilyan
- Aegilops mutica var. puluciGandilyan
- Aegilops mutica var. puruniGandilyan
- Aegilops mutica var. typicaEig
- Aegilops tripsacoidesJaub. & Spach
- Amblyopyrum muticum(Boiss.) Eig
- Amblyopyrum muticum subsp. loliaceum(Jaub. & Spach) Á.Löve
- Amblyopyrum muticum var. loliaceum(Jaub. & Spach) Eig
- Triticum emarginatumGodr.
- Triticum muticum var. tripsacoides(Jaub. & Spach) Thell.
- Triticum tripsacoides(Jaub. & Spach) Bowden
- Triticum tripsacoides f. loliaceum(Jaub.) Bowden
- Triticum tripsacoides f. tripsacoides
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).