Eastern Long-beaked Echidna
Zaglossus bartoni(Thomas, 1907)
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Description
espèce de mammifères
Source : Wikidata
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Graphe en cours d’indexation
Calcul du tissu écologique de Zaglossus bartoni.
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Liste rouge IUCN
VU · Vulnérablecritères A2cd↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2016 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 0 – 4150 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
Though this species has been hunted to local extinction in the densely populated and more accessible regions of New Guinea, it remains common (at naturally low population densities) in areas that are normally inaccessible. Tim Flannery (pers. comm. 2008) considers that the montane subpopulations in the western half of New Guinea (mainly the central mountains of Papua, Indonesia) are largely extirpated, but that some populations in Papua New Guinea appear to be more secure. It is uncertain when these declines occurred. It is possible that the major declines were associated with human population growth in the late prehistoric period, especially after the introduction of the sweet potato (c. 250 years ago) and dog (earlier but date uncertain) which facilitates hunting. The area of new land in the highlands now being cleared for agriculture is small and in some areas hunting activity may be declining where resource development projects and general regional development are keeping men in closer proximity to settlement. This could be allowing increases in some areas. On the other hand, local declines are occurring where new resource development projects facilitate access by hunters into previously inaccessible areas. In such circumstances, very high levels of predation sometimes occur but the effects are usually localized due to ruggedness of terrain. If these incursions are maintained and unregulated, more widespread and potentially lasting impacts will follow.
Recent work in the remote and essentially unvisited Foya Mountains, Indonesian Papua (Kristofer Helgen pers. comm. 2015) revealed the species to be common there. Similarly, Ken Aplin (pers. comm. 2015) has found the species to be still common in remote montane habitats in Hela, Enga and Western Provinces, based on visible digging signs and testimony of hunters who had recently gained access to some of these areas in the wake of resource development projects. In addition, Aplin has determined by careful interviews with local people (verified by field signs) that the species is widely distributed in the sparsely populated and largely undisturbed hill forest zone in the hinterland of the Gulf of Papua extending west into the Strickland and Fly River catchments.
The status of populations in the southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea is unknown.
Recent work in the remote and essentially unvisited Foya Mountains, Indonesian Papua (Kristofer Helgen pers. comm. 2015) revealed the species to be common there. Similarly, Ken Aplin (pers. comm. 2015) has found the species to be still common in remote montane habitats in Hela, Enga and Western Provinces, based on visible digging signs and testimony of hunters who had recently gained access to some of these areas in the wake of resource development projects. In addition, Aplin has determined by careful interviews with local people (verified by field signs) that the species is widely distributed in the sparsely populated and largely undisturbed hill forest zone in the hinterland of the Gulf of Papua extending west into the Strickland and Fly River catchments.
The status of populations in the southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea is unknown.
Menaces identifiées(3 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
2_1_2Small-holder farmingOngoing3_2Mining & quarryingFuture5_1_1Intentional use (species is the target)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
All long-beaked echidnas Zaglossus are highly susceptible to human predation with the use of trained hunting dogs able to detect and follow the animals to their daytime retreats, even in densely forested habitat. Except with the aid of dogs, long-beaked echidnas are extremely difficult to locate as they occur at naturally low densities and are nocturnal.
Local hunters in the YUS Conservation Area on the Huon Peninsula report that the meat of Z. bartoni is highly prized, and that it tastes like pork. Local people also report that the species remains common above 3000 m, in areas that are remote from villages and which experience low hunting pressure because they are seldom visited (Gabriel Porolak, unpubl. obs. 2014). A hunting study in the area conducted between 2012 and 2014 recorded only two Z. bartoni kills, one at 2200 m and the other at 3200 m. This low kill rate is probably a reflection of depletion of populations in areas accessible to hunters, and persistence only in less accessible areas (G. Porolak unpubl.).
Habitat degradation and conversion may be significant, but given the ecological breadth displayed by long-beaked echidnas, habitat changes are unlikely to be important as primary threats. However, they probably increase the likelihood of detection and predation, and there is a clear correlation between habitat conversion or degradation and regional extinction of other species of Zaglossus. Forest wildfires at higher elevations during prolonged droughts threaten the upper montane forests inhabited by this species, and this threat could be amplified if climate change causes an increase in the frequency or severity of fires.
Local hunters in the YUS Conservation Area on the Huon Peninsula report that the meat of Z. bartoni is highly prized, and that it tastes like pork. Local people also report that the species remains common above 3000 m, in areas that are remote from villages and which experience low hunting pressure because they are seldom visited (Gabriel Porolak, unpubl. obs. 2014). A hunting study in the area conducted between 2012 and 2014 recorded only two Z. bartoni kills, one at 2200 m and the other at 3200 m. This low kill rate is probably a reflection of depletion of populations in areas accessible to hunters, and persistence only in less accessible areas (G. Porolak unpubl.).
Habitat degradation and conversion may be significant, but given the ecological breadth displayed by long-beaked echidnas, habitat changes are unlikely to be important as primary threats. However, they probably increase the likelihood of detection and predation, and there is a clear correlation between habitat conversion or degradation and regional extinction of other species of Zaglossus. Forest wildfires at higher elevations during prolonged droughts threaten the upper montane forests inhabited by this species, and this threat could be amplified if climate change causes an increase in the frequency or severity of fires.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
1_6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland★1_9Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane★3_6Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist★3_7Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude★4_7Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude★
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES. It has been recorded from some protected areas, including the Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area and the YUS Conservation Area. The taxonomy of this species needs further clarification, especially to resolve the status of currently recognised subspecies. Tighter controls around the early-stage works of development projects are needed to protect against elevated hunting associated with access for development. Field studies are needed to determine the status of populations on the southeast peninsula of Papua New Guinea and in the mountains of Indonesian Papua.
Hunting regulations are needed to protect this species. Further field studies to identify important areas for this species are needed. The taxonomy of this species should be reviewed.
Hunting regulations are needed to protect this species. Further field studies to identify important areas for this species are needed. The taxonomy of this species should be reviewed.
Actions de conservation (3)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_2Resource & habitat protection3_1_1Harvest management4_3Awareness & communications
Stress écologiques (5)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality
Usage & commerce (1)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
1Food - humaninternationalsubsistance
Priorités de recherche (3)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Taxonomy1_2Population size, distribution & trends3_1Population trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Australasian
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Références bibliographiques (5)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 04 September 2016).
- Pacifici, M., Santini, L., Di Marco, M., Baisero, D., Francucci, L., Grottolo Marasini, G., Visconti, P. and Rondinini, C. 2013. Generation length for mammals. <i>Nature Conservation</i> 5: 87–94.
- Opiang, M. D. 2009. Home ranges, movement, and den use in long-beaked echidnas, Zaglossus bartoni, from Papua New Guinea. <i>Journal of Mammalogy</i> 90: 340-346.
- Flannery, T.F. 1995. <i>The Mammals of New Guinea, 2nd edition</i>. Reed Books, Sydney, Australia.
- Flannery, T. F. and Groves, C. P. 1988. A revision of the genus <i>Zaglossus</i> (Monotremata, Tachyglossidae), with description of new species and subspecies. <i>Mammalia</i> 62: 367-396.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (2)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Leary, T., Seri, L., Flannery, T., Wright, D., Hamilton, S., Helgen, K., Singadan, R., Menzies, J., Allison, A., James, R., Aplin, K., Salas, L. & Dickman, C.
evaluator
Johnson, C.N. & Pacifici, M.
Leary, T., Seri, L., Flannery, T., Wright, D., Hamilton, S., Helgen, K., Singadan, R., Menzies, J., Allison, A., James, R., Aplin, K., Salas, L. & Dickman, C. 2016. Zaglossus bartoni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T136552A21964496. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Traits biologiques
20 valeurs · 5 sources
Morphologie(4)
Cycle de vie(1)
Voir 15 traits de plus (2 catégories)Replier
Reproduction(6)
Écologie & habitat(9)
Sources priorisées par qualité scientifique (peer-reviewed spécialisées → Wikidata fallback). Unités auto-converties, valeur max retenue en cas de mesures multiples. Méthodologie · Citations.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Consulter sur les bases externes
Observations & statuts
Cartographie
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (1)— redirigent vers cette page
- Acanthoglossus bruijnii bartoniThomas, 1907
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).