Mackay Island
IUCN IVNational Wildlife Refuge · 1960
35 km²
Independent City · USA
Virginia Beach
United States
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(100 %)
Species observed
3 936
Observations
1 042 649
Area
677,9km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 34 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Virginia Beach : 23 espèces reliées par 72 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 12.8%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 11 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
34
Interactions affichées
72
Connectance
0.128
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
3 936 distinct species · 1 042 649 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
15,5°C
Annual rain
1 233mm
Warmest m°
28,7°C
Coldest m°
2,5°C
Elevation: 2 m on average (min -9 m, max 7 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
15,5°C
Annual rain
1 233mm
Warmest month
28,7°C
Coldest month
2,5°C
Mean alt.
2m
Min
-9m
Max
7m
Std. dev.
2m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(100 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
4,8
Org. C
56,2g/kg
Clay
18,1%
Sand
43,7%
Silt
38,2%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: suGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
4,7
Org. C
86,2g/kg
Clay
16,6%
Sand
44,5%
Silt
38,9%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
4,8
Org. C
48,2g/kg
Clay
16,6%
Sand
44,8%
Silt
38,6%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
4,8
Org. C
34,1g/kg
Clay
21,2%
Sand
41,7%
Silt
37,1%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest32.2%
Crops8.9%
Built-up6.1%
Bare soil0.6%
Other (grassland, water…)52.2%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology3 basins · 15 lakes · 12 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
71,0km
Lake surface here
9,86km²
Basins crossed
3
Max stream order
3
Max drainage
2 487km²
Discharge in basins
2,3m³/s
Mean precip.
1 188mm/an
Mean T°
15,4°C
Moisture idx
0,06
Max snow
3%
Mean runoff
479mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
9m
Watersheds crossing here
Lakes (15, top by area)
- Lake #12753area5,3 km²avg depth3.1 m
- Lac 1059573area0,9 km²avg depth2.5 m
- Lac 1059480area0,8 km²avg depth2.0 m
- Lac 1059577area0,7 km²avg depth3.7 m
- Lac 1059483area0,6 km²avg depth2.4 m
- Lac 1059557area0,3 km²avg depth1.8 m
- Lac 1059667area0,3 km²avg depth1.0 m
- Lac 1059477area0,3 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1059561area0,2 km²avg depth2.6 m
Rivers / streams (12, ord ≥ 4)
- North Landing Riverord 3len here15.73 km72%total22 km
- West Neck Creekord 2len here12.51 km97%total13 km
- Great Neck Creekord 1len here9.86 km100%total10 km
- Pocaty Riverord 1len here6.56 km98%total7 km
- Muddy Creekord 1len here5.27 km95%total6 km
- Smith Creekord 1len here4.55 km36%total13 km
- Canal #2ord 1len here4.53 km57%total8 km
- Eastern Branch Elizabeth Riverord 2len here4.11 km24%total17 km
- Albemarle and Chesapeake Canalord 2len here3.07 km73%total4 km
- Buchanan Creekord 2len here3.07 km47%total7 km
- Oakum Creekord 1len here0.89 km100%total1 km
- North Landing Riverord 1len here0.86 km58%total1 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
5hab/km²
Night light
13,3nW
Built-up
613,0%
Pesticides
27,3kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas21
IUCN V · 11IUCN IV · 6IUCN III · 3IUCN Ib · 1🌊 Marine · 13
Back Bay
IUCN IVNational Wildlife Refuge
35 km²
Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge
IUCN IVMarine Protected Area · 1938
35 km²
Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge
IUCN IVMarine Protected Area · 1960
34 km²
North Landing River
IUCN VPrivate Conservation Land · 1990
31 km²
False Cape State Park
IUCN IVMarine Protected Area · 1966
16 km²
Complete list21 protected areas
- Mackay IslandNational Wildlife RefugeIUCN IV196035 km²
- Back BayNational Wildlife RefugeIUCN IV35 km²
- Back Bay National Wildlife RefugeMarine Protected AreaIUCN IV193835 km²
- Mackay Island National Wildlife RefugeMarine Protected AreaIUCN IV196034 km²
- North Landing RiverPrivate Conservation LandIUCN V199031 km²
- False Cape State ParkMarine Protected AreaIUCN IV196616 km²
- False CapeState ParkIUCN III196816 km²
- False CapeState Natural Area PreserveIUCN V200215 km²
- North Landing River Natural Area PreserveMarine Protected AreaIUCN IV199014 km²
- North Landing RiverState Natural Area PreserveIUCN V199014 km²
- First LandingState ParkIUCN III193312 km²
- Back Bay PropoProposed WildernessIUCN Ib197410 km²
- Northwest River Marsh Game Land Dedicated Nature PreserveMarine Protected AreaIUCN V20036 km²
- West Neck CreekParkIUCN III3 km²
- Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), Chesapeake, VAReserve ProgramIUCN V19991 km²
- Prosperity GeneralOpen SpaceIUCN V1 km²
- Pleasure House PointNatural AreaIUCN V0 km²
- North Landing River MacrositePrivate Conservation LandIUCN V20050 km²
- Owl Creek GeneralOpen SpaceIUCN V0 km²
- US Fish and Wildlife ServiceEasementIUCN V20080 km²
- Nawney Creek FeePrivate Conservation LandIUCN V20010 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN