El Malmo
IUCN VINational Protective Forest Reserves · 1976
2 km²
Municipality · COL
Tunja
Colombia
CsbTemperate, dry summer, warm summer(67 %)
Species observed
569
Observations
8 396
Area
115,4km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 38 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Tunja : 28 espèces reliées par 53 interactions GloBI sur 5 types (connectance 7.2%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 11 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
39
Interactions affichées
53
Connectance
0.071
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
569 distinct species · 8 396 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
11,7°C
Annual rain
1 329mm
Warmest m°
17,1°C
Coldest m°
6,5°C
Elevation: 2 869 m on average (min 2 626 m, max 3 133 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
11,7°C
Annual rain
1 329mm
Warmest month
17,1°C
Coldest month
6,5°C
Mean alt.
2 869m
Min
2 626m
Max
3 133m
Std. dev.
119m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsbTemperate, dry summer, warm summer(67 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
46,7g/kg
Clay
32,6%
Sand
35,9%
Silt
31,5%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: smGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
54,4g/kg
Clay
32,2%
Sand
36,3%
Silt
31,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
44,2g/kg
Clay
31,9%
Sand
36,4%
Silt
31,8%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
41,5g/kg
Clay
33,7%
Sand
35,1%
Silt
31,2%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest4.0%
Crops53.3%
Built-up4.1%
Bare soil0.4%
Other (grassland, water…)38.3%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology3 basins · 0 lakes · 7 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
26,0km
Basins crossed
3
Max stream order
3
Max drainage
1 205km²
Discharge in basins
2,3m³/s
Mean precip.
994mm/an
Mean T°
12,4°C
Moisture idx
-0,13
Mean runoff
753mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
2 831m
Watersheds crossing here
Rivers / streams (7, ord ≥ 4)
- Río Chuloord 3len here7.50 km39%total19 km
- Quebrada El Jordanord 3len here6.72 km41%total17 km
- Río Teatinosord 2len here4.74 km48%total10 km
- Río Farfacáord 2len here3.53 km100%total4 km
- Quebrada La Coloradaord 3len here2.22 km16%total14 km
- Caño La Fuenteord 2len here1.32 km59%total2 km
- Quebrada Piedra Pintadaord 1len here≈ tangenttotal2 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
15hab/km²
Night light
9,3nW
Built-up
410,0%
Pesticides
44,2kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas2
IUCN VI · 2
La Cabaña
IUCN VICivil Society Nature Reserve · 2018
0 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN