Ontologia

Commune · BEN

Toura

Benin

AwTropical, savannah(100 %)

Species observed

433

Observations

2 500

Area

60,6km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 51 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Toura : 28 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 65 interactions GloBI sur 6 types (connectance 4.9%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 24 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
52
Interactions affichées
65
Connectance
0.049
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

433 distinct species · 2 500 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

2 500 obs · 7 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 1 802
1 802–1 801
139–1 801
138–138
< 138

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

28,5°C

Annual rain

970mm

Warmest m°

39,3°C

Coldest m°

19,2°C

Elevation: 290 m on average (min 273 m, max 307 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
28,5°C
Annual rain
970mm
Warmest month
39,3°C
Coldest month
19,2°C
Mean alt.
290m
Min
273m
Max
307m
Std. dev.
8m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
AwTropical, savannah(100 %)Tropical

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,4

Org. C

8,5g/kg

Clay

24,7%

Sand

50,0%

Silt

25,3%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: mtGLiMaggregated to Banikoara

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,4
Org. C
11,3g/kg
Clay
22,6%
Sand
51,2%
Silt
26,1%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,4
Org. C
8,9g/kg
Clay
25,0%
Sand
49,9%
Silt
25,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,4
Org. C
5,3g/kg
Clay
26,5%
Sand
48,7%
Silt
24,8%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest8.2%
Crops41.8%
Built-up1.1%
Bare soil0.3%
Other (grassland, water…)48.6%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology1 basins · 0 lakes · 2 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

13,9km

Basins crossed

1

Max stream order

3

Max drainage

656km²

Discharge in basins

0,2m³/s

Mean precip.

960mm/an

Mean T°

27,6°C

Moisture idx

-0,52

Mean runoff

112mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

301m

Watersheds crossing here

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

2hab/km²

Night light

0,1nW

Built-up

106,2%

Pesticides

14,4kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)