Ontologia

Commune · BEN

Toumbouctou

Benin

BShArid, steppe, hot(60 %)

Species observed

1 234

Observations

6 797

Area

610,7km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 30 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Toumbouctou : 23 espèces dont 3 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 39 interactions GloBI sur 6 types (connectance 9.0%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 7 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
30
Interactions affichées
39
Connectance
0.090
Patrimoniales
3
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

1 234 distinct species · 6 797 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

6 797 obs · 32 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 1 618
644–1 617
170–643
78–169
< 78

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

29,2°C

Annual rain

806mm

Warmest m°

40,9°C

Coldest m°

18,3°C

Elevation: 193 m on average (min 158 m, max 230 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
29,2°C
Annual rain
806mm
Warmest month
40,9°C
Coldest month
18,3°C
Mean alt.
193m
Min
158m
Max
230m
Std. dev.
17m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BShArid, steppe, hot(60 %)Arid

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,0

Org. C

9,0g/kg

Clay

20,7%

Sand

54,9%

Silt

24,4%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Malanville

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,1
Org. C
11,3g/kg
Clay
17,5%
Sand
57,6%
Silt
24,9%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
9,3g/kg
Clay
19,5%
Sand
55,7%
Silt
24,8%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
6,3g/kg
Clay
25,2%
Sand
51,5%
Silt
23,4%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest6.0%
Crops39.1%
Built-up0.1%
Bare soil0.7%
Other (grassland, water…)54.1%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology7 basins · 4 lakes · 6 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

78,8km

Lake surface here

0,54km²

Basins crossed

7

Max stream order

8

Max drainage

1 280 658km²

Discharge in basins

328,1m³/s

Mean precip.

816mm/an

Mean T°

28,7°C

Moisture idx

-0,59

Mean runoff

87mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

204m

Watersheds crossing here

Lakes (4, top by area)

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

0hab/km²

Night light

0,0nW

Built-up

9,7%

Pesticides

11,7kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas7

IUCN II · 3IUCN IV · 2IUCN Not Applicable · 1IUCN VI · 1

W (Benin)

IUCN II

National Park · 1954

5 784 km²

Dosso

IUCN IV

Partial Fauna Reserve · 1962

5 423 km²

Djona

IUCN VI

Hunting Zone · 1980

1 187 km²

Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN