Călimani - Gurghiu
IUCN Not ReportedSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) · 2009
1 353 km²
Commune · ROU
Toplita
Romania
DfbCold, no dry season, warm summer(80 %)
Species observed
394
Observations
880
Area
338,7km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 24 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Toplita : 19 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 38 interactions GloBI sur 4 types (connectance 13.8%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 5 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
24
Interactions affichées
38
Connectance
0.138
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
394 distinct species · 880 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
5,1°C
Annual rain
828mm
Warmest m°
19,4°C
Coldest m°
-9,9°C
Elevation: 1 050 m on average (min 667 m, max 1 876 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
5,1°C
Annual rain
828mm
Warmest month
19,4°C
Coldest month
-9,9°C
Mean alt.
1 050m
Min
667m
Max
1 876m
Std. dev.
262m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
DfbCold, no dry season, warm summer(80 %)Cold
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
47,4g/kg
Clay
30,8%
Sand
30,7%
Silt
38,5%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: vaGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
69,9g/kg
Clay
30,2%
Sand
30,6%
Silt
39,2%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
42,0g/kg
Clay
31,3%
Sand
30,4%
Silt
38,3%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
30,4g/kg
Clay
30,8%
Sand
31,2%
Silt
38,0%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest59.1%
Crops9.9%
Built-up0.2%
Bare soil0.5%
Other (grassland, water…)30.3%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology4 basins · 0 lakes · 7 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
67,1km
Basins crossed
4
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
3 001km²
Discharge in basins
3,4m³/s
Mean precip.
721mm/an
Mean T°
5,6°C
Moisture idx
-0,03
Max snow
33%
Mean runoff
294mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
962m
Watersheds crossing here
Rivers / streams (7, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,3nW
Built-up
22,1%
Pesticides
4,3kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas6
IUCN Not Reported · 3IUCN II · 1IUCN IV · 1IUCN Not Assigned · 1
Munții Călimani
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2011
292 km²
Parcul Național Călimani
IUCN IINational park · 1990
244 km²
Toplița - Scaunul Rotund Borsec
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2022
56 km²
Rezervația Lacul Iezer din Călimani
IUCN IVNature reserve · 2000
3 km²
Cascada de apa termală
IUCN Not AssignedNot Assigned · 2000
0 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN