Ontologia

Commune · BEN

Toffo

Benin

AwTropical, savannah(100 %)

Species observed

774

Observations

9 143

Area

45,8km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 5 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Toffo : 5 espèces reliées par 3 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 30.0%, filtre Serrano α=0.2).

Espèces affichées
5
Interactions affichées
3
Connectance
0.300
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

774 distinct species · 9 143 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

9 143 obs · 5 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 4 643
4 643–4 642
2 745–4 642
1 139–2 744
< 1 139

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

26,7°C

Annual rain

1 132mm

Warmest m°

34,1°C

Coldest m°

22,1°C

Elevation: 67 m on average (min 27 m, max 120 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
26,7°C
Annual rain
1 132mm
Warmest month
34,1°C
Coldest month
22,1°C
Mean alt.
67m
Min
27m
Max
120m
Std. dev.
24m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
AwTropical, savannah(100 %)Tropical

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,2

Org. C

25,7g/kg

Clay

46,9%

Sand

25,8%

Silt

27,3%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: suGLiMaggregated to Toffo

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
39,3g/kg
Clay
47,0%
Sand
25,8%
Silt
27,3%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
22,9g/kg
Clay
47,4%
Sand
25,6%
Silt
27,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
15,0g/kg
Clay
46,3%
Sand
26,0%
Silt
27,7%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest29.5%
Crops11.2%
Built-up1.2%
Bare soil0.1%
Other (grassland, water…)58.0%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology1 basins · 0 lakes · 0 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Basins crossed

1

Max drainage

3 664km²

Discharge in basins

0,4m³/s

Mean precip.

1 028mm/an

Mean T°

27,3°C

Moisture idx

-0,40

Mean runoff

263mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

104m

Watersheds crossing here

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

1hab/km²

Night light

0,2nW

Built-up

121,1%

Pesticides

13,2kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas2

IUCN V · 1IUCN Not Reported · 1🌊 Marine · 1

La Lama-Sud

IUCN Not Reported

Classified Forest · 1942

65 km²

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN