Sierra Nevada
IUCN IINational Park (PN) · 1952
2 763 km²
Municipality · VEN
Santos Marquina
Venezuela
CfbTemperate, no dry season, warm summer(49 %)
Species observed
879
Observations
17 590
Area
281,8km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 14 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Santos Marquina : 11 espèces reliées par 13 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 14.3%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 3 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
14
Interactions affichées
13
Connectance
0.143
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
879 distinct species · 17 590 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
11,8°C
Annual rain
2 289mm
Warmest m°
15,3°C
Coldest m°
7,1°C
Elevation: 2 834 m on average (min 917 m, max 4 552 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
11,8°C
Annual rain
2 289mm
Warmest month
15,3°C
Coldest month
7,1°C
Mean alt.
2 834m
Min
917m
Max
4 552m
Std. dev.
902m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfbTemperate, no dry season, warm summer(49 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
57,4g/kg
Clay
29,9%
Sand
35,7%
Silt
34,4%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: paGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
73,3g/kg
Clay
30,0%
Sand
35,7%
Silt
34,3%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
56,0g/kg
Clay
29,5%
Sand
35,8%
Silt
34,6%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
42,9g/kg
Clay
30,1%
Sand
35,6%
Silt
34,4%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest51.5%
Crops2.3%
Built-up0.0%
Bare soil6.5%
Other (grassland, water…)39.7%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology5 basins · 2 lakes · 7 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
59,5km
Lake surface here
0,75km²
Basins crossed
5
Max stream order
3
Max drainage
1 397km²
Discharge in basins
7,8m³/s
Mean precip.
1 312mm/an
Mean T°
16,5°C
Moisture idx
-0,04
Mean runoff
806mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
2 040m
Watersheds crossing here
Lakes (2, top by area)
Rivers / streams (7, ord ≥ 4)
- Río Sinigüísord 3len here25.63 km41%total62 km
- Quebrada La Coromotoord 1len here8.84 km100%total9 km
- Quebrada del Oroord 2len here8.65 km70%total12 km
- Río Chamaord 5len here5.42 km2%total284 km
- Chamaord 3len here4.18 km28%total15 km
- Quebrada La Leonaord 1len here4.04 km75%total5 km
- Quebrada El Encierroord 2len here2.75 km28%total10 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
0,1nW
Built-up
2,7%
Pesticides
0,0kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN II · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN