Ontologia

Commune · IND

Penukonda

India

BShArid, steppe, hot(98 %)

Species observed

330

Observations

10 492

Area

1 759,1km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 37 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Penukonda : 31 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 47 interactions GloBI sur 4 types (connectance 7.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 6 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
37
Interactions affichées
47
Connectance
0.071
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

330 distinct species · 10 492 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

10 492 obs · 36 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 3 045
979–3 044
158–978
83–157
< 83

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

26,3°C

Annual rain

619mm

Warmest m°

36,7°C

Coldest m°

16,3°C

Elevation: 561 m on average (min 385 m, max 838 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
26,3°C
Annual rain
619mm
Warmest month
36,7°C
Coldest month
16,3°C
Mean alt.
561m
Min
385m
Max
838m
Std. dev.
78m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BShArid, steppe, hot(98 %)Arid

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

7,0

Org. C

17,9g/kg

Clay

32,2%

Sand

44,5%

Silt

23,2%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: mtGLiMaggregated to Anantapur

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
26,0g/kg
Clay
29,2%
Sand
46,9%
Silt
23,8%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
15,2g/kg
Clay
31,5%
Sand
45,3%
Silt
23,2%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
12,6g/kg
Clay
35,9%
Sand
41,4%
Silt
22,7%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest7.7%
Crops43.3%
Built-up0.5%
Bare soil6.7%
Other (grassland, water…)41.8%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology10 basins · 8 lakes · 6 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

221,1km

Lake surface here

1,51km²

Basins crossed

10

Max stream order

5

Max drainage

4 851km²

Discharge in basins

3,2m³/s

Mean precip.

569mm/an

Mean T°

26,1°C

Moisture idx

-0,68

Mean runoff

63mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

586m

Watersheds crossing here

1 more basins

Lakes (8, top by area)

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

2hab/km²

Night light

0,7nW

Built-up

51,5%

Pesticides

3,6kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)