Ontologia

Municipality · COL

Peñol

Colombia

CfbTemperate, no dry season, warm summer(100 %)

Species observed

578

Observations

10 285

Area

141,8km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 23 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Peñol : 15 espèces reliées par 29 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 11.5%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 8 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
23
Interactions affichées
29
Connectance
0.115
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

578 distinct species · 10 285 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

10 285 obs · 3 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 4 541
4 541–4 540
4 541–4 540
3 585–4 540
< 3 585

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

16,9°C

Annual rain

3 587mm

Warmest m°

22,3°C

Coldest m°

12,2°C

Elevation: 1 996 m on average (min 1 874 m, max 2 391 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
16,9°C
Annual rain
3 587mm
Warmest month
22,3°C
Coldest month
12,2°C
Mean alt.
1 996m
Min
1 874m
Max
2 391m
Std. dev.
118m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfbTemperate, no dry season, warm summer(100 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

5,2

Org. C

81,4g/kg

Clay

30,7%

Sand

36,4%

Silt

32,9%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: mtGLiM

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
98,3g/kg
Clay
29,7%
Sand
37,5%
Silt
32,9%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
79,5g/kg
Clay
30,4%
Sand
36,3%
Silt
33,3%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
66,4g/kg
Clay
32,1%
Sand
35,5%
Silt
32,4%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest31.3%
Crops1.7%
Built-up0.7%
Bare soil0.3%
Other (grassland, water…)66.0%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology3 basins · 2 lakes · 14 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

52,6km

Lake surface here

22,28km²

Basins crossed

3

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

1 939km²

Discharge in basins

6,4m³/s

Mean precip.

2 581mm/an

Mean T°

17,9°C

Moisture idx

0,46

Mean runoff

1 411mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

1 995m

Watersheds crossing here

Lakes (2, top by area)

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

1hab/km²

Night light

1,1nW

Built-up

65,2%

Pesticides

68,4kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas6

IUCN Not Applicable · 3IUCN VI · 3

San Pedro

IUCN VI

Integrated Management Regional Districts · 2018

12 km²

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN