Ontologia

Municipality · VEN

Peña

Venezuela

AwTropical, savannah(100 %)

Species observed

383

Observations

1 873

Area

563,4km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 23 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Peña : 18 espèces reliées par 27 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 10.7%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 5 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
23
Interactions affichées
27
Connectance
0.107
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

383 distinct species · 1 873 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

1 873 obs · 17 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 649
418–648
94–417
33–93
< 33

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

23,4°C

Annual rain

1 340mm

Warmest m°

29,3°C

Coldest m°

18,7°C

Elevation: 677 m on average (min 265 m, max 1 467 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
23,4°C
Annual rain
1 340mm
Warmest month
29,3°C
Coldest month
18,7°C
Mean alt.
677m
Min
265m
Max
1 467m
Std. dev.
332m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
AwTropical, savannah(100 %)Tropical

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

5,9

Org. C

24,3g/kg

Clay

33,1%

Sand

36,1%

Silt

30,7%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: mtGLiM

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
35,4g/kg
Clay
32,1%
Sand
36,6%
Silt
31,3%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
23,0g/kg
Clay
32,6%
Sand
36,4%
Silt
31,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
14,7g/kg
Clay
34,6%
Sand
35,5%
Silt
29,9%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest49.5%
Crops6.5%
Built-up0.5%
Bare soil0.3%
Other (grassland, water…)43.1%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology5 basins · 0 lakes · 8 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

86,0km

Basins crossed

5

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

2 481km²

Discharge in basins

4,6m³/s

Mean precip.

1 067mm/an

Mean T°

24,2°C

Moisture idx

-0,36

Mean runoff

215mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

513m

Watersheds crossing here

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

2hab/km²

Night light

1,0nW

Built-up

47,8%

Pesticides

12,6kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas4

IUCN VI · 3IUCN III · 1

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN