Makalu-Barun - Buffer Zone
IUCN VINational Park - Buffer Zone · 1999
780 km²
Subdivision · NPL
Pathibhara
Nepal
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(63 %)
Species observed
139
Observations
204
Area
55km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 27 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Pathibhara : 21 espèces reliées par 31 interactions GloBI sur 6 types (connectance 8.8%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 6 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
27
Interactions affichées
31
Connectance
0.088
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
139 distinct species · 204 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
13,3°C
Annual rain
3 632mm
Warmest m°
22,5°C
Coldest m°
-3,6°C
Elevation: 1 753 m on average (min 975 m, max 2 946 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
13,3°C
Annual rain
3 632mm
Warmest month
22,5°C
Coldest month
-3,6°C
Mean alt.
1 753m
Min
975m
Max
2 946m
Std. dev.
540m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(63 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
47,6g/kg
Clay
29,6%
Sand
38,5%
Silt
32,0%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiMaggregated to Koshi
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
65,8g/kg
Clay
28,7%
Sand
38,8%
Silt
32,4%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
45,9g/kg
Clay
28,9%
Sand
38,8%
Silt
32,3%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
31,1g/kg
Clay
31,1%
Sand
37,8%
Silt
31,1%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest81.0%
Crops2.5%
Built-up0.1%
Bare soil0.6%
Other (grassland, water…)15.9%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology1 basins · 0 lakes · 3 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
16,5km
Basins crossed
1
Max stream order
6
Max drainage
27 054km²
Discharge in basins
24,3m³/s
Mean precip.
1 731mm/an
Mean T°
9,9°C
Moisture idx
0,29
Max snow
14%
Mean runoff
1 408mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
2 856m
Watersheds crossing here
Rivers / streams (3, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
0,1nW
Built-up
9,1%
Pesticides
0,8kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN VI · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN