Gem-faced Civet

Paguma larvata(C. E. H. Smith, 1827)

Animal

LCLR Monde (IUCN)

1 photo · Licences CC (Wikimedia Commons / iNaturalist)Click pour agrandir

Description

espèce de mammifères

Source : Wikidata

Filtrer le graphe par contexte spatialPays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Chargement du graphe…

Indicateurs du réseau écologique

Comment lire ce graphe

Ce graphe représente les interactions écologiques documentées entre Paguma larvata et d'autres espèces, à partir de la base GloBI (Global Biotic Interactions, agrégation mondiale de la littérature scientifique) — source principale, complétée par d'autres jeux de données d'interactions agrégés par Ontologia. Il faut le comprendre comme une carte du savoir documenté, pas une carte de la réalité écologique exhaustive.

Limites principales

Incomplet. La majorité des interactions écologiques en milieu naturel n'ont jamais été publiées. Une espèce sans liens visibles n'est pas isolée — elle est probablement mal étudiée.
Biais publication pharmaco-agronomique. La littérature des interactions est polarisée par les enjeux économiques et sanitaires : parasitism / pathogen sur-pondéré sur les mammifères (recherche zoonoses, vecteurs), herbivory sur-pondéré sur les insectes phytophages (entomologie agronomique). À l'inverse, mutualisms, commensalisms et interactions sol/microbiote sont sous-cités. Conseil de lecture : sur les hubs mammifères ou les insectes ravageurs de culture, lire les arêtes parasitism / herbivory dominantes relativement au contexte de littérature, pas comme une mesure d'intensité écologique brute. Détails §10.1.
Biaisé vers les espèces étudiées. Quelques espèces (oiseaux communs, abeille mellifère, espèces modèles) concentrent disproportionnellement plus d'interactions documentées. Notre score composite ajoute un malus aux hubs de littérature pour atténuer cette dominance visuelle.
Interactions documentées globalement. Toutes les espèces affichées sont observées en France métropolitaine (les observations sont filtrées sur le territoire métropolitain), mais les interactions entre elles proviennent de la littérature scientifique mondiale. Une interaction documentée à l'étranger peut ne pas se réaliser à l'identique sur votre territoire. Le filtre « restreindre à ma commune » tient compte de la co-occurrence spatiale locale mais ne garantit pas l'interaction effective.
Sans dimension temporelle. Les variations saisonnières (migration, floraison, cycle de vie) ne sont pas modélisées.
Force d'interaction approximative. L'épaisseur des liens reflète le nombre de fois où l'interaction a été rapportée dans la littérature, pas son importance écologique réelle.

Comment nous sélectionnons les espèces affichées

Le graphe affiche au plus 31 nœuds par fiche (1 centre + 15 bulles depth=1 + 15 partenaires depth=2). Le serveur sélectionne intelligemment :

Bulles famille créées si une cascade taxonomique existe ou si ≥3 espèces directement documentées partagent une même famille — les espèces sont absorbées dans la bulle (pas de doublon visuel)
Espèces individuelles uniquement quand <3 dans une famille (sans cascade) — relations directes documentées
Pas d'espèces inférées affichées en doublon — les cascades sont représentées via les bulles famille uniquement
Partenaires depth=2 sélectionnés via algo priorité : candidat partagé par ≥2 docs de la famille (food web central) → reliant entre bulles → top sum_obs en dernier recours
Sous-types GloBI traduits en français au survol de la flèche (chasse, parasite, parasitoïde, mycorhize…)

Le toggle Profondeur 1 ↔ 2 client-side cache ou affiche les partenaires depth=2 sans refetch. Filtres règne, type d'interaction, ordres/familles, patrimoniales et commune recalculent côté serveur (slow path live ~1-2 s).

Indicateurs avancés (mode expert) : Modularité Q (Newman 2006, PNAS), communautés (Louvain, Blondel et al. 2008, J. Stat. Mech.), nestedness NODF (Almeida-Neto et al. 2008, Oikos).

Source : GloBI · TAXREF v18 (INPN/MNHN) · BDC-Statuts · Wikidata

47 partenaires écologiques documentés directement dans GloBI.

Partenaires

Espèces avec interactions documentées

Types d'interactions

Prédation, pollinisation, parasitisme…

Connectance

0.080

Densité des liens dans le sous-graphe affiché

Rang animalia

92 %

Percentile vs ensemble des animalia

Liste rouge IUCN

LC · Préoccupation mineure↘Décroissante

Évaluation complète

Évaluation: 2024 · v3.1
Altitude: 20 – 2700 m
Profondeur: – m

État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert

Masked Palm Civet is widely camera-trapped across its range and in many evergreen biomes it is amongst the more commonly recorded small carnivores (e.g. Holden 2006, Long and Minh 2006, Datta et al. 2008, Johnson et al. 2009, Mathai et al. 2010, Matsubayashi et al. 2011, Sathyakumar et al. 2011, Hedges et al. 2013, Gray et al. 2014b, McCarthy and Fuller 2014, Willcox et al. 2014: Table SOM3). Nonetheless, its semi-arboreal behaviour takes it out of the range of ground-level camera-traps some, perhaps much of the time. Thus, in several areas in both Myanmar and Thailand where significant camera-trapping effort did not photograph the species, it was found by other methods (Than Zaw et al. 2008, Chutipong et al. 2014). Similarly, in Hainan (China) it is never camera-trapped in contrast to the convincing local opinion that it is as common there as is Common Palm Civet (Bosco P.L. Chan per. comm. 2014). Its degree of arboreality hinders assessing its local status by camera-trapping. The species is perhaps less common where it has been heavily hunted for the commercial food trade in southern China and in parts of Viet Nam, but still remains widespread and locally common in these areas (Lau et al. 2010, M.W.N. Lau pers. comm. 2006, Bosco P.L. Chan pers. comm. 2014, D.H.A. Willcox pers. comm. 2014). Further north in China it is at least locally common and has been studied in landscapes comprising remnant forest patches mixed with agriculture (e.g. Wang and Fuller 2003, Zhou et al. 2008). The number of recent records in many parts of its range in, or in close proximity to, areas of heavy human activity suggest that its populations remain high within remaining habitat, including largely anthropogenic areas such as Hong Kong (Pei et al. 2010): here it lives even in suburban shrubby patches with groves of mainly exotic trees on retaining walls in residential areas (Bosco P.L. Chan per. comm. 2014). Although it readily uses non-forest habitats, at least in China, there seem to be no records within the southern part of its range far from forest. Thus, the extensive deforestation over much of its range in recent decades is likely to have caused population declines, which can be assumed to be continuing in areas still losing large areas of forest, such as Sumatra (McCarthy and Fuller 2014). Because in South-east Asia this is primarily a species of hill forest, where deforestation rates are much lower than in the level lowlands, its decline rate is likely to be less steep than that of lowland species. Hill forests are, however, still subject to widespread selective logging, and the response of the species to selective logging remains uncertain (see 'Habitats and ecology' section).

Menaces identifiées(13 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

1_1
Housing & urban areas
Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
1_2
Commercial & industrial areas
Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
2_1_2
Small-holder farming
Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
2_1_3
Agro-industry farming
Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
2_2_1
Small-holder plantations
Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
2_2_2
Agro-industry plantations
Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
4_1
Roads & railroads
Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
5_1_1
Intentional use (species is the target)
Negligible declinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
5_2_2
Unintentional effects (species is not the target)
Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
5_3_3
Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]
Negligible declinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing

+ 3 menaces supplémentaires

Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert

Masked Palm Civet is threatened, potentially, by habitat reduction and by overharvest. It is likely that it cannot survive total deforestation, but at least in some parts of its range, it clearly persists in degraded and fragmented forest (albeit at lower apparent abundance, at least in northern Borneo; J. Brodie pers. comm. 2014) and makes ready use of adjacent non-forest habitats such as agriculture. It occurs over a wide altitudinal range including into the upper montane levels. With a large proportion of its population in tropical hill forest, which in South-east Asia is being converted to non-forest use more slowly than is lowland forest, while the species has lost a large proportion of its range a few centuries ago, current rates of loss are relatively low and do not threaten the species except locally. It is a major component of the 'wild' mammal restaurant trade in southern China, but most of the individuals seem to come from farms (e.g., Li and Li 1998, Lau et al. 2010), and is eaten widely elsewhere in its range, notably Viet Nam (D.H.A. Willcox pers. comm. 2014). General mammal hunting is very heavy across parts of its range (such as northern South-east Asia), but because Masked Palm Civet is quite arboreal, and so spends that proportion of its time outside the range of snares and most other traps, it is less exposed to hunting than are the more ground-dwelling small carnivores. Being largely nocturnal, it probably escapes the attentions of dogs and of much opportunistic hunting Thus, it is still detected widely even in heavily snared parts of Viet Nam (Willcox et al. 2014: Table SOM3), which support among the highest levels of such hunting of anywhere in the species's range, and it remains secure in heavily hunted parts of south China where most other carnivores are now very rare (Lau et al. 2010). Overall, therefore, the level of threat from these factors is assessed as relatively low, despite the likelihood that in some areas (e.g., Viet Nam) they are likely to be causing widespread declines.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

14_6Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest★
1_6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland★
1_9Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane★
3_6Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist
1_4Forest - Temperate
14_1Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
14_2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
14_4Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens
1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
14_3Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations
1_8Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp
3_4Shrubland - Temperate

+ 1 habitats supplémentaires

Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert

Masked Palm Civet occurs in many protected areas across its range. In China, it is listed as Near Threatened (A2cd). It is protected by law in Gansu, China (Li et al, 2000), and in Malaysia (Azlan pers. comm. 2006) but not Thailand (Chutipong et al. 2014) or Nepal (Y. Ghimirey per. comm. 2014). The population of India is listed on CITES Appendix III. Given the lack of major threats, there is no immediate need for conservation interventions. Continued surveillance of trade levels, particularly internationally into southern China, and assessment of the extent to which it is used in civet coffee production (which has the potential for dramatic increase in off-take from the wild) is warranted. A clearer understanding of its adaptability to degradation and fragmentation, which perhaps varies across its range, could help identify if in any parts of its range it might be locally at risk from habitat change.

Stress écologiques (19)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert

1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
2_1Species mortality
2_1Species mortality

Usage & commerce (2)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert

1Food - human
internationalnationalsubsistance
16Establishing ex-situ production *

Priorités de recherche (5)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert

1_3Life history & ecology
1_4Harvest, use & livelihoods
1_5Threats
3_2Harvest level trends
3_3Trade trends

Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

IndomalayanPalearctic

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Références bibliographiques (30)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert

Semiadi, G. et al. et al.. Predicted distribution of Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata in Borneo.
Yue, S., Brodie, J.F., Zipkin, E.F. and Bernard, H. In press. Oil palm plantations fail to support mammal biodiversity. Ecological Applications.
IUCN. 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 28 October 2024).
IUCN. 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 30 June 2016).
Jennings, A.P., Mohd Naim, Advento, A.D., Aryawan, A.A.K., Sudharto Ps, Caliman, J.-P., Verwilghen, A. and Veron, G. 2015. Diversity and occupancy of small carnivores within oil palm plantations in central Sumatra, Indonesia. Mammal Research 60: 181–188.
Gray, T.N.E., Thongsamouth, K. and Tilker, A. 2014b. Recent camera-trap records of Owston’s Civet Chrotogale owstoni and other small carnivores from Xe Sap National Protected Area, southern Lao PDR. Small Carnivore Conservation 51: 29–33.
Gray, T.N.E., Pin C., Phan C., Crouthers, R., Kamler, J.F. and Prum S. 2014a. Camera-trap records of small carnivores from eastern Cambodia, 1999–2013. Small Carnivore Conservation 50: 20–24.
Willcox, D.H.A., Tran Q.P., Hoang M.D. and Nguyen T.T.A. 2014. The decline of non-Panthera cat species in Vietnam. Cat News Special Issue 8: 53–61.
Al-Razi, H., Alam, S.M.I., Baki, M.A. and Parves, N. 2014. Notes on mating behaviour of two small carnivores in Bangladesh. Small Carnivore Conservation 50: 78–80.
McCarthy, J.L. and Fuller, T.K. 2014. Records of small carnivores from Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Small Carnivore Conservation 51: 59–63.
Nijman, V., Spaan, D., Rode-Margono, E.J., Roberts, P.D., Wirdateti and Nekaris, K.A.I. 2014. Trade in Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus in Javan and Balinese markets, Indonesia. Small Carnivore Conservation 51: 11–17.
Brodie, J.F., Giordano, A.J., Zipkin, E.F., Tiandun, H., Mohd-Azlan, J. and Ambu, L. 2014. Correlation and persistence of hunting and logging impacts on tropical rainforest mammals. Conservation Biology 29(1): 110–121.
Bennett, E.L. 2014. The first locality records of Banded Civet Hemigalus derbyanus and Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata from Brunei Darussalam. Small Carnivore Conservation 51: 90–91.
Belden, G., Jukie, A., Megom, N. and Unggang, J. 2014. Lowland records of Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Small Carnivore Conservation 51: 56–58.
Chutipong, W., Tantipisanuh, N., Ngoprasert, D., Lynam, A.J., Steinmetz, R., Jenks, K.E., Grassman Jr., L.I., Tewes, M., Kitamura, S., Baker, M.C., McShea, W., Bhumpakphan, N., Sukmasuang, R., Gale, G.A., Harich, F.K., Treydte, A.C., Cutter, P., Cutter, P.B., Suwanrat, S., Siripattaranukul, K., Hala-Bala Wildlife Research Station, Wildlife Research Division and Duckworth, J.W. 2014. Current distribution and conservation status of small carnivores in Thailand: a baseline review. Small Carnivore Conservation 51: 96–136.
Ross, J., Hearn, A.J. and Macdonald, D.W. 2013. Recent camera-trap records of Malay Weasel Mustela nudipes in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Small Carnivore Conservation 49: 20–24.
Hedges, L., Clements, G.R., Aziz, S.A., Yap, W., Laurance, S., Goosem, M. and Laurance, W.F. 2013. Small carnivore records from a threatened habitat linkage in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Small Carnivore Conservation 49: 9–14.
Choudhury, A. 2013. The mammals of North east India. Gibbon Books and the Rhino Foundation for Nature in NE India, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Lau, M.W.N. 2012. Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata apparently feeding on nectar of Mucuna birdwoodiana. Small Carnivore Conservation 47: 79–81.
Chua, M.A.H., Lim, K.K.P. and Low, C.H.S. 2012. The diversity and status of the civets (Viverridae) of Singapore. Small Carnivore Conservation 47: 1–10.
Sathyakumar, S., Bashir, T., Bhattacharya, T. and Poudyal, K. 2011. Assessing mammal distribution and abundance in intricate eastern Himalayan habitats of Khangchendzonga, Sikkim, India. Mammalia 75: 257–268.
Masuda, R., Lin, L.K., Pei, K.J., Chen, Y.J., Chang, S.W., Kaneko, Y., Yamazaki, K., Anezaki, T., Yachimori, S. and Oshida, T. 2010. Origins and founder effects on the Japanese Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata (Viverridae, Carnivora), revealed from a comparison with its molecular phylogeography in Taiwan. Zoological Science 27: 499–505.
Lau, M.W.N., Fellowes, J.R. and Chan, B.P.L. 2010. Carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) in South China: a status review with notes on the commercial trade. Mammal Review 42: 247–292.
Pei, K.J.-C., Lai, Y.-C., Corlett, R.T. and Suen, K.-Y. 2010. The larger mammal fauna of Hong Kong: species survival in an highly degraded landscape. Zoological Studies 49: 253–264.
Holden, J. and Neang T. 2009. Small carnivore records from the Cardamom Mountains, southwestern Cambodia. Small Carnivore Conservation 40: 16–21.
Schank, C., Pollard, E.H.B., Sechrest, W., Timmins, R., Holden, J. and Walston, J. 2009. First confirmed records of Large-toothed Ferret Badger Melogale personata in Cambodia, with notes on country records of Melogale. Small Carnivore Conservation 40: 11–15.
Patou, M.L., Chen, J., Cosson, L., Andersen, D.H., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A., Randi, E., Zhang, S. and Veron, G. 2009. Low genetic diversity in the Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata (Viverridae). Journal of Zoology, London 278: 218–230.
Than Zaw, Saw Htun, Saw Htoo Tha Po, Myint Maung, Lynam, A.J., Kyaw Thinn Latt and Duckworth, J.W. 2008. Status and distribution of small carnivores in Myanmar. Small Carnivore Conservation 38: 2–28.
Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., Slade, E., Zhang, L., Palomares, F., Chen, J., Wang, X. and Zhang, S. 2008. Dietary shifts in relation to fruit availability among Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in central China. Journal of Mammalogy 89: 435–447.
Roberton, S.I. 2007. Status and conservation of small carnivores in Vietnam. University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K. (Ph.D. thesis).

Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert

assessor

Duckworth, J.W., Timmins, R.J., Chutipong, W., Choudhury, A.U., Mathai, J., Willcox, D.H.A., Ghimirey, Y., Chan, B.P.L. & Ross, J.

contributor

Kanchanasaka, B., Dahal, S., Wilting, A., Wozencraft, C & Brodie, J.

evaluator

Schipper, J.

⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.

Duckworth, J.W., Timmins, R.J., Chutipong, W., Choudhury, A.U., Mathai, J., Willcox, D.H.A., Ghimirey, Y., Chan, B.P.L. & Ross, J. 2024. Paguma larvata (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T41692A259351893. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Traits biologiques

21 valeurs · 8 sources

Morphologie(5)

Masse adulte: 4,3 kg; AnAge
Masse cerveau: 26 g; AnimalTraits
Longueur: 63,3 cm; PanTHERIA
Masse naissance: -999000 mg; PanTHERIA
Masse au sevrage: -999000 mg; PanTHERIA

Cycle de vie(1)

Longévité max: 27 ans; AnAge

Voir 15 traits de plus (2 catégories)

Reproduction(6)

Taille de portée: 2; AnAge
Sevrage: 3,6 mois; PanTHERIA
Portées par an: 2; AnAge
Gestation: -999 j; PanTHERIA
Intervalle naissances: 6 mois; AnAge
Maturité sexuelle: -999 j; PanTHERIA

Écologie & habitat(9)

Invertébrés (%): 20 %; elton_mammals
Graines (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Fruits (%): 20 %; elton_mammals
Nectar (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Charognard (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Poissons (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Autre végétal (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Vert. ectothermes (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Vert. endothermes (%): 60 %; elton_mammals

Sources priorisées par qualité scientifique (peer-reviewed spécialisées → Wikidata fallback). Unités auto-converties, valeur max retenue en cas de mesures multiples. Méthodologie · Citations.

Répartition mondiale

Aucune observation géoréférencée avec précision suffisante (<10 km) dans GBIF pour cette espèce.

Chant

3 captations · Xeno-canto

cri d’alarmeA

36s

cri d’alarmeB

52s

cri d’alarmeB

12s

Hot-link CDN Xeno-canto. Chaque captation porte sa propre licence Creative Commons (visible quand la piste est active) et l'attribution de son auteur.