Østmarka
IUCN IINational Park · 2023
54 km²
Municipality · NOR
Oslo
Norway
DfbCold, no dry season, warm summer(87 %)
Species observed
17 328
Observations
1 356 460
Area
454,7km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 34 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Oslo : 24 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 97 interactions GloBI sur 5 types (connectance 16.3%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 11 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
35
Interactions affichées
97
Connectance
0.163
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
17 328 distinct species · 1 356 460 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
5,3°C
Annual rain
1 090mm
Warmest m°
19,9°C
Coldest m°
-8,6°C
Elevation: 254 m on average (min -57 m, max 566 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
5,3°C
Annual rain
1 090mm
Warmest month
19,9°C
Coldest month
-8,6°C
Mean alt.
254m
Min
-57m
Max
566m
Std. dev.
129m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
DfbCold, no dry season, warm summer(87 %)Cold
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
4,8
Org. C
128,7g/kg
Clay
9,5%
Sand
56,4%
Silt
34,1%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
4,8
Org. C
171,3g/kg
Clay
9,3%
Sand
56,8%
Silt
33,9%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
4,8
Org. C
140,0g/kg
Clay
8,8%
Sand
55,9%
Silt
35,3%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,0
Org. C
74,6g/kg
Clay
10,4%
Sand
56,4%
Silt
33,2%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest57.8%
Crops1.0%
Built-up2.5%
Bare soil0.1%
Other (grassland, water…)38.6%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology5 basins · 41 lakes · 30 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
136,4km
Lake surface here
24,62km²
Basins crossed
5
Max stream order
3
Max drainage
1 202km²
Discharge in basins
5,0m³/s
Mean precip.
783mm/an
Mean T°
4,5°C
Moisture idx
0,31
Max snow
49%
Mean runoff
589mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
290m
Watersheds crossing here
Lakes (41, top by area)
- Sandungenarea4 km²avg depth15.4 m
- Maridalsvannetarea3,8 km²avg depth9.6 m
- Hakkloaarea2 km²avg depth16.9 m
- Helgerenarea1,8 km²avg depth13.1 m
- Bjørnsjøenarea1,7 km²avg depth13.2 m
- Fyllingen,vestrearea1,5 km²avg depth13.4 m
- Nord-Elvågaarea1,5 km²avg depth8.5 m
- Bogstadvannetarea1,1 km²avg depth6.8 m
- Lac 1287704area0,9 km²avg depth8.2 m
32 more lakes
- Lac 1289204area0,9 km²avg depth7.6 m
- Lac 1287575area0,8 km²avg depth8.8 m
- Lac 1287089area0,7 km²avg depth5.3 m
- Lac 1287252area0,6 km²avg depth7.5 m
- Lac 1287913area0,6 km²avg depth6.5 m
- Lac 1289889area0,5 km²avg depth5.4 m
- Lac 1288774area0,4 km²avg depth8.8 m
- Lac 1287649area0,4 km²avg depth7.0 m
- Lac 1288276area0,4 km²avg depth5.3 m
- Lac 1288331area0,4 km²avg depth5.2 m
- Lac 1288050area0,3 km²avg depth5.4 m
- Lac 1288994area0,3 km²avg depth5.3 m
- Lac 1287068area0,2 km²avg depth4.9 m
- Lac 1287074area0,2 km²avg depth4.6 m
- Lac 1287467area0,2 km²avg depth7.2 m
- Lac 1287431area0,2 km²avg depth5.3 m
- Lac 1287313area0,2 km²avg depth5.4 m
- Lac 1288179area0,2 km²avg depth5.2 m
- Lac 1288019area0,1 km²avg depth5.1 m
- Lac 1288207area0,1 km²avg depth4.3 m
- Lac 1288123area0,1 km²avg depth6.4 m
- Lac 1287962area0,1 km²avg depth4.5 m
- Lac 1289388area0,1 km²avg depth5.7 m
- Lac 1287456area0,1 km²avg depth6.8 m
- Lac 1287143area0,1 km²avg depth4.3 m
- Lac 1287388area0,1 km²avg depth5.5 m
- Lac 1288064area0,1 km²avg depth4.5 m
- Lac 1288119area0,1 km²avg depth5.5 m
- Lac 1287745area0,1 km²avg depth4.9 m
- Lac 1287508area0,1 km²avg depth4.9 m
- Lac 1287396area0,1 km²avg depth4.1 m
- Lac 1287098area0,1 km²avg depth4.5 m
Rivers / streams (30, ord ≥ 4)
- Alnaord 2len here13.53 km100%total13 km
- Myrtjernselvaord 1len here11.04 km100%total11 km
- Akerselvaord 3len here9.12 km100%total9 km
- Ljanselvaord 2len here8.87 km100%total9 km
- Heggelielvaord 2len here8.41 km61%total14 km
- Frognerbekkenord 1len here7.68 km98%total8 km
- Skjærsjøelvaord 2len here7.28 km100%total7 km
- Svartelvaord 1len here7.24 km40%total18 km
- Katnoselvaord 2len here6.73 km68%total10 km
- Bjørnsjøelvaord 2len here5.83 km100%total6 km
- Søndre Braatansbekkord 3len here5.37 km69%total8 km
- Sørkedalselvaord 2len here5.10 km100%total5 km
18 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Fyllingselvenord 1len here4.62 km100%total5 km
- Hakkloelvaord 2len here4.45 km100%total4 km
- Holmenbekkenord 1len here4.30 km93%total5 km
- Gjersrudbekkenord 1len here3.83 km100%total4 km
- Tverrelvaord 1len here3.26 km100%total3 km
- Ellingsrudelvaord 1len here3.14 km24%total13 km
- Lillebergbekkenord 1len here2.80 km100%total3 km
- Dausjøelvaord 2len here1.97 km100%total2 km
- Åbortjernsbekkenord 2len here1.66 km58%total3 km
- Fossumbekkenord 1len here1.57 km100%total2 km
- Fløytaord 1len here1.54 km66%total2 km
- Lørenseterbekkenord 1len here1.53 km100%total2 km
- Langlielvaord 2len here1.50 km100%total2 km
- Movannsbekkenord 1len here1.45 km100%total1 km
- Hovinbekkenord 2len here1.17 km100%total1 km
- Damputtbekkenord 1len here1.10 km100%total1 km
- Langdalselvaord 1len here0.26 km5%total5 km
- Bruelvenord 2len here0.07 km1%total9 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
6hab/km²
Night light
19,1nW
Built-up
253,3%
Pesticides
3,7kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas62
IUCN Ia · 24IUCN Not Reported · 21IUCN III · 8IUCN IV · 5IUCN V · 3IUCN II · 1🌊 Marine · 26
Maridalen og Mellomkollen
IUCN Not ReportedEmerald Network
31 km²
Maridalen
IUCN VProtected Landscape · 2001
27 km²
Blankvann og Lørensetertjern
IUCN Not ReportedEmerald Network
4 km²
Mellomkollen
IUCN IaNature Reserve · 2001
4 km²
Blankvann
IUCN VProtected Landscape · 2002
3 km²
Complete list62 protected areas
- ØstmarkaNational ParkIUCN II202354 km²
- Maridalen og MellomkollenEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported31 km²
- MaridalenProtected LandscapeIUCN V200127 km²
- Blankvann og LørensetertjernEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported4 km²
- MellomkollenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20014 km²
- BlankvannProtected LandscapeIUCN V20023 km²
- LillomarkaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20153 km²
- RøverkollenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20191 km²
- SlattumsrøaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20081 km²
- HovedøyaEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported1 km²
- TriungsvannNature ReserveIUCN Ia19921 km²
- ØstensjøvannetNature ReserveIUCN Ia19921 km²
- MalmøyaEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported1 km²
- Malmøya og MalmøykalvenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20081 km²
- Gressholmen-RambergøyaEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported0 km²
- Gressholmen-RambergøyaNature ReserveIUCN Ia19920 km²
- HovedøyaProtected LandscapeIUCN V20060 km²
- EkebergskråningenEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported0 km²
- EkebergskråningenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- KarusspyttenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20100 km²
- LørensetertjernNature ReserveIUCN Ia20020 km²
- PrinsesseåsenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20120 km²
- HengsåsenEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported0 km²
- Østre HovedøyaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20060 km²
- HovedøyaProtected LandscapeIUCN IV20060 km²
- LindøyaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- LindøyaEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported0 km²
- HeggholmenEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported0 km²
- HeggholmenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- DronningbergetNature ReserveIUCN Ia20120 km²
- BleikøyaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- Vestre HovedøyaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20060 km²
- BlankvannProtected LandscapeIUCN IV20020 km²
- HusbergøyaEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported0 km²
- HusbergøyaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- HukNatural MonumentIUCN III19880 km²
- NakholmenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- Søndre SkjælholmenNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- Nordre MalmøyaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- KaninøyaNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- Linderud GårdBotanical Protection of SpeciesIUCN Not Reported19600 km²
- PaddaBotanical Conservation AreaIUCN IV20080 km²
- PaddaEmerald NetworkIUCN Not Reported0 km²
- Store HerbernNature ReserveIUCN Ia20080 km²
- NakkeskjærWildlife Conservation AreaIUCN IV20090 km²
- Malmøya bryggeNatural MonumentIUCN III20080 km²
- ÅrvollåsenNatural MonumentIUCN III19840 km²
- Ekebergveien 161Natural MonumentIUCN Not Reported19590 km²
- Solveien 53A/53B (Furubraaten)Natural MonumentIUCN Not Reported19570 km²
- Jomfrubråtveien 39Natural MonumentIUCN Not Reported19600 km²
- Sognsveien 85Natural MonumentIUCN Not Reported19670 km²
- Sognsveien 92Natural MonumentIUCN Not Reported19670 km²
- Eventyrveien 16Natural MonumentIUCN III19650 km²
- John Collets alle 6Natural MonumentIUCN III19650 km²
- Anne Maries vei 16/Havna alleNatural MonumentIUCN III19330 km²
- T. Segerstedts vei/Risalleen 8BNatural MonumentIUCN Not Reported19530 km²
- Risbakken 22Natural MonumentIUCN Not Reported19580 km²
- Drammensveien 106Natural MonumentIUCN III19560 km²
- Elmholtveien 3Natural MonumentIUCN Not Reported19300 km²
- Ullernschausseen/SilurveienNatural MonumentIUCN III19590 km²
+ 2 protected areas (top 60 shown)
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN