Ontologia

Commune · ZAF

Mkhondo

South Africa

CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(98 %)

Species observed

2 371

Observations

50 239

Area

4 880km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 23 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Mkhondo : 21 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 17 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 6.7%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 2 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
23
Interactions affichées
17
Connectance
0.067
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

2 371 distinct species · 50 239 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

50 239 obs · 122 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 3 543
865–3 542
291–864
202–290
< 202

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

15,9°C

Annual rain

892mm

Warmest m°

24,8°C

Coldest m°

4,4°C

Elevation: 1 279 m on average (min 700 m, max 2 139 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
15,9°C
Annual rain
892mm
Warmest month
24,8°C
Coldest month
4,4°C
Mean alt.
1 279m
Min
700m
Max
2 139m
Std. dev.
165m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(98 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

5,5

Org. C

20,0g/kg

Clay

35,4%

Sand

47,1%

Silt

17,5%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Gert Sibande

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,5
Org. C
25,6g/kg
Clay
34,0%
Sand
48,2%
Silt
17,8%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,5
Org. C
20,0g/kg
Clay
35,1%
Sand
47,4%
Silt
17,5%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,5
Org. C
14,5g/kg
Clay
37,2%
Sand
45,7%
Silt
17,1%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest28.7%
Crops19.7%
Built-up0.3%
Bare soil1.4%
Other (grassland, water…)49.9%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology13 basins · 8 lakes · 17 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

618,6km

Lake surface here

53,64km²

Basins crossed

13

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

3 600km²

Discharge in basins

54,7m³/s

Mean precip.

892mm/an

Mean T°

16,4°C

Moisture idx

-0,35

Mean runoff

184mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

1 285m

Watersheds crossing here

4 more basins

Lakes (8, top by area)

Rivers / streams (17, ord ≥ 4)

5 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

0hab/km²

Night light

0,2nW

Built-up

32,8%

Pesticides

27,5kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas12

IUCN Not Reported · 12
Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN