Ontologia

Commune · ZAF

Mbombela

South Africa

BShArid, steppe, hot(39 %)

Species observed

7 844

Observations

923 320

Area

5 394,4km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 11 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Mbombela : 10 espèces reliées par 7 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 12.7%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 1 bulle taxonomique (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
11
Interactions affichées
7
Connectance
0.127
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

7 844 distinct species · 923 320 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

923 320 obs · 133 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 75 138
18 495–75 137
6 128–18 494
1 756–6 127
< 1 756

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

19,3°C

Annual rain

845mm

Warmest m°

27,6°C

Coldest m°

7,6°C

Elevation: 721 m on average (min 264 m, max 1 946 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
19,3°C
Annual rain
845mm
Warmest month
27,6°C
Coldest month
7,6°C
Mean alt.
721m
Min
264m
Max
1 946m
Std. dev.
318m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BShArid, steppe, hot(39 %)Arid

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,0

Org. C

18,1g/kg

Clay

32,1%

Sand

51,0%

Silt

16,9%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: vbGLiMaggregated to Ehlanzeni

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
24,1g/kg
Clay
30,2%
Sand
52,4%
Silt
17,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
17,7g/kg
Clay
30,4%
Sand
52,5%
Silt
17,1%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
12,6g/kg
Clay
35,7%
Sand
48,2%
Silt
16,1%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest29.7%
Crops16.1%
Built-up1.3%
Bare soil0.6%
Other (grassland, water…)52.2%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology15 basins · 10 lakes · 41 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

922,6km

Lake surface here

5,19km²

Basins crossed

15

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

9 128km²

Discharge in basins

59,4m³/s

Mean precip.

825mm/an

Mean T°

19,5°C

Moisture idx

-0,45

Mean runoff

110mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

802m

Watersheds crossing here

6 more basins

Lakes (10, top by area)

1 more lakes

Rivers / streams (41, ord ≥ 4)

29 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

1hab/km²

Night light

0,9nW

Built-up

129,4%

Pesticides

14,1kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas19

IUCN Not Reported · 19
Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN