Bardia - Buffer Zone
IUCN VINational Park - Buffer Zone · 1996
555 km²
Subdivision · NPL
Maintada
Nepal
CwaTemperate, dry winter, hot summer(100 %)
Species observed
62
Observations
95
Area
42,9km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 18 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Maintada : 15 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 17 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 11.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 3 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
18
Interactions affichées
17
Connectance
0.111
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
62 distinct species · 95 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
21,8°C
Annual rain
2 240mm
Warmest m°
33,0°C
Coldest m°
6,5°C
Elevation: 650 m on average (min 480 m, max 1 008 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
21,8°C
Annual rain
2 240mm
Warmest month
33,0°C
Coldest month
6,5°C
Mean alt.
650m
Min
480m
Max
1 008m
Std. dev.
162m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CwaTemperate, dry winter, hot summer(100 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
22,3g/kg
Clay
26,6%
Sand
28,7%
Silt
44,7%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Bheri
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
34,1g/kg
Clay
24,6%
Sand
29,5%
Silt
45,9%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
20,5g/kg
Clay
25,6%
Sand
29,5%
Silt
44,9%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
12,4g/kg
Clay
29,7%
Sand
27,1%
Silt
43,3%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest54.3%
Crops23.1%
Built-up1.0%
Bare soil0.6%
Other (grassland, water…)21.0%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology1 basins · 0 lakes · 2 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
14,6km
Basins crossed
1
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
13 846km²
Discharge in basins
6,4m³/s
Mean precip.
1 627mm/an
Mean T°
20,2°C
Moisture idx
0,12
Mean runoff
819mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
982m
Watersheds crossing here
Rivers / streams (2, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
2hab/km²
Night light
0,1nW
Built-up
95,8%
Pesticides
0,8kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN VI · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN