Koshi Tappu - Buffer Zone
IUCN VIWildlife Reserve - Buffer Zone · 2004
173 km²
Subdivision · NPL
Mahendranagar
Nepal
CwaTemperate, dry winter, hot summer(100 %)
Species observed
411
Observations
18 222
Area
65,9km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 32 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Mahendranagar : 23 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 45 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 9.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 9 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
32
Interactions affichées
45
Connectance
0.091
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
411 distinct species · 18 222 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
25,0°C
Annual rain
1 700mm
Warmest m°
34,0°C
Coldest m°
11,3°C
Elevation: 99 m on average (min 92 m, max 117 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
25,0°C
Annual rain
1 700mm
Warmest month
34,0°C
Coldest month
11,3°C
Mean alt.
99m
Min
92m
Max
117m
Std. dev.
4m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CwaTemperate, dry winter, hot summer(100 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
18,1g/kg
Clay
20,4%
Sand
44,7%
Silt
34,9%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiMaggregated to Koshi
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
25,7g/kg
Clay
19,8%
Sand
44,7%
Silt
35,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
16,4g/kg
Clay
20,1%
Sand
45,0%
Silt
34,9%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,4
Org. C
12,1g/kg
Clay
21,4%
Sand
44,5%
Silt
34,2%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest15.2%
Crops50.5%
Built-up1.8%
Bare soil11.1%
Other (grassland, water…)21.5%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology3 basins · 0 lakes · 3 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
9,1km
Basins crossed
3
Max stream order
7
Max drainage
54 581km²
Discharge in basins
222,4m³/s
Mean precip.
1 655mm/an
Mean T°
24,1°C
Moisture idx
0,05
Mean runoff
833mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
220m
Watersheds crossing here
Rivers / streams (3, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
6hab/km²
Night light
0,2nW
Built-up
181,9%
Pesticides
1,1kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN VI · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN