Ontologia

Subdivision · IDN

Lake Toba

Indonesia

AfTropical, rainforest(100 %)

Species observed

395

Observations

2 562

Area

1 102,5km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 35 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Lake Toba : 28 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 35 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 5.9%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 7 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
35
Interactions affichées
35
Connectance
0.059
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

395 distinct species · 2 562 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

2 562 obs · 23 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 1 368
152–1 367
28–151
14–27
< 14

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

23,0°C

Annual rain

2 221mm

Warmest m°

26,6°C

Coldest m°

19,1°C

Elevation: 910 m on average (min 901 m, max 1 427 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
23,0°C
Annual rain
2 221mm
Warmest month
26,6°C
Coldest month
19,1°C
Mean alt.
910m
Min
901m
Max
1 427m
Std. dev.
29m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
AfTropical, rainforest(100 %)Tropical

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

5,2

Org. C

61,3g/kg

Clay

35,4%

Sand

34,1%

Silt

30,5%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: viGLiMaggregated to Lake Toba

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
82,5g/kg
Clay
35,6%
Sand
33,9%
Silt
30,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
65,9g/kg
Clay
35,1%
Sand
34,3%
Silt
30,6%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
35,4g/kg
Clay
35,4%
Sand
34,2%
Silt
30,4%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest1.1%
Crops0.3%
Built-up0.1%
Bare soil0.0%
Other (grassland, water…)98.5%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology5 basins · 1 lakes · 9 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

15,3km

Lake surface here

1 081,89km²

Basins crossed

5

Max stream order

5

Max drainage

4 302km²

Discharge in basins

60,3m³/s

Mean precip.

2 208mm/an

Mean T°

20,5°C

Moisture idx

0,32

Mean runoff

1 160mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

1 149m

Watersheds crossing here

Lakes (1, top by area)

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

0hab/km²

Night light

0,1nW

Built-up

5,2%

Pesticides

0,6kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)