Ontologia

Commune · ZAF

Ethekwini

South Africa

CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(93 %)

Species observed

13 461

Observations

925 589

Area

2 281,7km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 32 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Ethekwini : 28 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 31 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 6.2%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 4 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
32
Interactions affichées
31
Connectance
0.063
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

13 461 distinct species · 925 589 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

925 589 obs · 60 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 151 486
45 536–151 485
13 794–45 535
4 911–13 793
< 4 911

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

19,8°C

Annual rain

900mm

Warmest m°

26,4°C

Coldest m°

11,0°C

Elevation: 288 m on average (min -25 m, max 797 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
19,8°C
Annual rain
900mm
Warmest month
26,4°C
Coldest month
11,0°C
Mean alt.
288m
Min
-25m
Max
797m
Std. dev.
213m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(93 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

5,9

Org. C

25,9g/kg

Clay

28,2%

Sand

49,7%

Silt

22,1%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to eThekwini

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
35,6g/kg
Clay
26,7%
Sand
50,8%
Silt
22,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
24,3g/kg
Clay
26,9%
Sand
51,0%
Silt
22,1%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
17,8g/kg
Clay
31,1%
Sand
47,2%
Silt
21,7%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest19.8%
Crops12.3%
Built-up8.8%
Bare soil1.1%
Other (grassland, water…)58.0%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology13 basins · 7 lakes · 27 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

465,0km

Lake surface here

16,46km²

Basins crossed

13

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

4 474km²

Discharge in basins

30,0m³/s

Mean precip.

936mm/an

Mean T°

19,2°C

Moisture idx

-0,26

Mean runoff

266mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

434m

Watersheds crossing here

4 more basins

Lakes (7, top by area)

Rivers / streams (27, ord ≥ 4)

15 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

12hab/km²

Night light

7,5nW

Built-up

878,2%

Pesticides

21,1kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas20

IUCN Not Reported · 20🌊 Marine · 2
Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN