Karoo Cycad
Encephalartos lehmanniiLehm.
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Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Graphe en cours d’indexation
Calcul du tissu écologique de Encephalartos lehmannii.
Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).
Liste rouge IUCN
VU · Vulnérablecritères A2acd+4acd↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2022 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 400 – 1000 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
Total population size is difficult to quantify because Encephalartos lehmannii tends to occur in subpopulations of several hundred plants across its range. Once regarded as having stable subpopulation where the only threat was persistent browsing by goats, there is now a greater threat posed by illegal harvesting. This is manifest in an increasing number of arrests for illegal possession, harvesting and trading in cycads, involving at least 140 E. lehmannii plants between 2014 and 2018 (Torgersen 2017) as well as in declines of as high as 50% since the 1940s in subpopulations resampled as part of a repeat photograph study (Okubamichel et al. 2016).
Menaces identifiées(4 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
5_2_1Intentional use (species is the target)Rapid DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing2_3_2Small-holder grazing, ranching or farmingSlow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing8_2_2Named speciesSlow, Significant DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing11_2DroughtsOngoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
Drought has had an affect in the past. There have been fewer coning episodes and porcupines have damaged stems in search of food. Continuous defoliation by goats results in mortality of adult plants. In the past, some plants were lost due to over-collecting by poachers but in more recent times this threat has increased considerably (Okubamichael et al. 2016). There are also other reports of plants being removed from the wild. Collection of old leaf bases (bark) from mature stems has also been noted more (Tait 2010), and this poses the threat of the risk of infection.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is listed in Appendix I of the CITES Appendices. Subpopulations occur in the Greater Addo Elephant National Park and the Kuzuko Game Reserve. There are also subpopulations on private reserves. An education and awareness programme as well as the long-term monitoring of subpopulations will support the conservation of this species.
Actions de conservation (2)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_1Site/area protection4_3Awareness & communications
Stress écologiques (6)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance
Usage & commerce (3)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
13Pets/display animals, horticultureinternationalnational16Establishing ex-situ production *national3Medicine - human & veterinarysubsistance
Priorités de recherche (3)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends1_3Life history & ecology1_6Actions
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Afrotropical
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Formes de croissance
CycadShrub - large
Références bibliographiques (7)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
- IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
- Torgersen, J.S. 2017. Crime, Culture and Collecting-The Illicit Cycad Market in South Africa. Law Faculty, University of Cape Town.
- Okubamichael, D.Y., Jack, S., Bösenberg, J.D., Hoffman, M.T. and Donaldson, J.S. 2016. Repeat photography confirms alarming decline in South African cycads. <i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i> 25: 2153–2170.
- Tait, A. 2010. An account of Eastern Cape cycads in habitat. <i>Encephalartos</i> 100: 35-43.
- Donaldson, J.S. 1995. Understanding cycad life histories- an essential basis for conservation. In: Donaldson, J.S. (ed.), <i>Cycad Conservation in South Africa- Issues, actions and priorities</i>, pp. 8-13. Cycad Society of South Africa.
- Kemp, M. 1985. Focus on <i>Encephalartos lehmannii</i>. <i>Encephalartos</i> 4: 12-17.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Bösenberg, J.D.
contributor
Donaldson, J.S.
evaluator
Donaldson, J.S.
⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.
Bösenberg, J.D. 2022. Encephalartos lehmannii (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41934A243429231. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Consulter sur les bases externes
Observations & statuts
Cartographie
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (9)— redirigent vers cette page
- Encephalartos elongatusLehm.
- Encephalartos elongatusMiq.
- Encephalartos lehmannii f. dentatusRegel ex J.Schust.
- Encephalartos lehmannii f. lehmannii
- Encephalartos lehmannii var. lehmannii
- Zamia glaucescenshort. ex J.Schust.
- Zamia lehmannianaEckl. & Zeyh. ex Eckl.
- Zamia lehmannii(Lehm.) J.Verschaff.
- Zamia spinulosa(Lehm.) Heynh.
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).