Ontologia

Heenan's Cycad

Encephalartos heenaniiR.A.Dyer

EWLR Monde (IUCN)
  1. Plante
  2. Tracheophyta
  3. Cycadopsida
  4. Cycadales
  5. Zamiaceae
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Graphe en cours d’indexation

Calcul du tissu écologique de Encephalartos heenanii.

Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).

Liste rouge IUCN

EW · Éteinte à l'état sauvage
Évaluation complète
Évaluation
2022 · v3.1
Altitude
750 – 1750 m
Profondeur
– m
État de la populationExpert
A comprehensive survey was done in 1996 during which a total of 272 stems (115 plants) were counted. A survey in 2006 indicated that only 29 plants/clusters consisting of 45 stems remained in the wild in South Africa. The remaining plants in Eswatini had also been removed. The latest survey in 2019 indicated that no plants are left in the wild.

Menaces identifiées(3 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

  • 2_2_2
    Agro-industry plantations
    Slow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Past, Unlikely to Return
  • 7_1_2
    Supression in fire frequency/intensity
    Slow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Past, Likely to Return
  • 5_2_1
    Intentional use (species is the target)
    Very Rapid DeclinesWhole (>90%)Past, Likely to Return
Description complète des menacesExpert
This species was threatened due to over-collecting for ornamental purposes and the few remaining plants have all been removed from the wild. Furthermore, habitat destruction as a result of the planting of pine plantations had also affected these plants because fire is prevented in this area and the plants are possibly adapted to a fire cycle.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

  • 4_5Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
  • 6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
Mesures de conservation recommandéesExpert
This species is listed in Appendix I of the CITES Appendices. Subpopulations used to occur in the Somgimvelo Nature Reserve and in the Malolotja Nature Reserve.
Actions de conservation (3)Expert
  • 3_2Species recovery
  • 3_3_1Reintroduction
  • 4_3Awareness & communications
Stress écologiques (5)Expert
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_3_8Other
  • 2_3_8Other
Usage & commerce (1)Expert
  • 13Pets/display animals, horticulture
    internationalnational
Priorités de recherche (1)Expert
  • 1_3Life history & ecology
Niche IUCN globaleExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Afrotropical

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Formes de croissance

CycadTree - large
Références bibliographiques (6)Expert
  1. IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
  2. IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
  3. Emery, A.J., Lötter, M. and Williamson, S.D. 2002. Determining the conservation value of land in Mpumalanga. Available at: <a href="http://www.dwaf.gov.za/sfra/SEA/usutu-mhlathuze%20wma/Biophysical%20Component/Mpumalanga%20Biobase.pdf">http://www.dwaf.gov.za/sfra/SEA/usutu-mhlathuze%20wma/Biophysical%20Component/Mpumalanga%20Biobase.pdf</a>.
  4. Grobbelaar, N. 2002. <i>CYCADS - with special reference to the southern African species</i>. Privately published by Nat Grobbelaar, Pretoria, South Africa.
  5. Golding, J. (ed.). 2002. <i>Southern African Plant Red Data Lists</i>. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network.
  6. Hurter, J. 1994. Focus on <i>Encephalartos heenanii</i>. <i>Encephalartos</i> 40: 4-7.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Expert
assessor
Bösenberg, J.D.
contributor
Steyn, T. & Donaldson, J.S.
evaluator
Donaldson, J.S.
⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.

Bösenberg, J.D. 2022. Encephalartos heenanii (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41888A243426977. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Répartition mondiale (heatmap GBIF)Construction en cours

0 obs · 0 cellules
Construction par partitions temporelles GBIF0%

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.2° × 0.2° (~22km). Filtre qualité : précision coordonnée < 10 km. Coloration quantile (q50/70/90/99). Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Distribution mondiale

Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s

Phénologie

Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s

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Observations & statuts

GBIFiNaturalistEOLIUCN

Cartographie

GBIF Maps

Bibliographie

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