Mulanje Cycad

Encephalartos gratusPrain

Plante

VULR Monde (IUCN)

1 photo · Licences CC (Wikimedia Commons / iNaturalist)Click pour agrandir

Filtrer le graphe par contexte spatialPays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Graphe en cours d’indexation

Calcul du tissu écologique de Encephalartos gratus.

Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).

Liste rouge IUCN

VU · Vulnérablecritères A4cd↘Décroissante

Évaluation complète

Évaluation: 2022 · v3.1
Altitude: 250 – 900 m
Profondeur: – m

État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert

The true size of the population is not known, but it is probable that it is reasonably common and comprises several thousand mature individuals. On Mt. Mulanje there are at least 532 mature individuals that were surveyed and measured as part of project in 2009 (Bayliss et al. 2009), whereas Capela (2006) recorded 'a few thousand plants in small groups' in Mozambique.

Menaces identifiées(3 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

2_1_3
Agro-industry farming
Rapid DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
5_2_1
Intentional use (species is the target)
UnknownUnknownOngoing
2_1_2
Small-holder farming
Slow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing

Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert

This species is predominantly threatened due to habitat destruction to make place for tea plantations. Additionally, as with most species within this genus, it is susceptible to over collecting for ornamental purposes.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

2_1Savanna - Dry
6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry

Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert

This species is listed in Appendix I of the CITES Appendices. Plants are found in the Mulanje Mountain Biosphere Reserve in Malawi and there is a programme to plant out seedlings as part of a recovery project on Mt Mulanje. An education and awareness programme as well as the long-term monitoring of subpopulations will support the conservation of this species.

Actions de conservation (2)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert

1_1Site/area protection
4_3Awareness & communications

Stress écologiques (6)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert

1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_1Ecosystem conversion
1_2Ecosystem degradation
1_2Ecosystem degradation
2_1Species mortality
2_3_7Reduced reproductive success

Usage & commerce (2)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert

13Pets/display animals, horticulture
internationalnational
16Establishing ex-situ production *
national

Priorités de recherche (3)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert

1_2Population size, distribution & trends
1_3Life history & ecology
3_1Population trends

Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Afrotropical

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Formes de croissance

CycadShrub - large

Références bibliographiques (8)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert

IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
Bayliss, J., Monteiro, J., Fishpool, L., Congdon, C., Bampton, I., Bruessow, C., Matimele, H., Banze, A. Timberlake, J. 2010. Biodiversity and conservation of Mount Inago, Mozambique. Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems. Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust, Malawi.
Timberlake, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Bayliss, J., Alves, T., Baena, S., Bento, C., Cook, K., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Smith, P. and de Sousa, C. 2009. Mt Namuli, Mozambique: biodiversity and conservation. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
Bayliss, J., Burrow, C., Martell, S. and Staude, H. 2009. An ecological study of the relationship between two living fossils in Malawi: the Mulanje Tiger Moth (Callioratis grandis) and the Mulanje Cycad (Encephalartos gratus). African Journal of Ecology 48: 472-480.
Capela, P. 2006. Speculations on the Encephalartos species of Mozambique. Pedro Capela, Chimoio, Mozambique.
Osborne, R. 1991. Focus on Encephalartos gratus. Encephalartos 25: 4-9.
Heenan, D. 1977. Some observations on the cycads of Central Africa. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 279-288.

Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert

assessor

Bösenberg, J.D.

contributor

Donaldson, J.S.

evaluator

Donaldson, J.S.

⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.

Bösenberg, J.D. 2022. Encephalartos gratus (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41916A243426722. Accessed on 05 May 2026.