Kozi Cycad
Encephalartos feroxG.Bertol
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Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Graphe en cours d’indexation
Calcul du tissu écologique de Encephalartos ferox.
Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).
Liste rouge IUCN
NT · Quasi menacéecritères A4cd↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2022 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 0 – 100 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
Encephalartos ferox is a relatively abundant species where it occurs. Although population surveys have not been conducted to assess numbers, the population probably exceeds 10,000 mature plants. Despite this abundance, there have been declines in several locations, notably along the Mozambique coastline where plants have been removed for coastal developments (Rousseau et al. 2015) and for sale along roadsides.
Menaces identifiées(6 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
1_3Tourism & recreation areasRapid DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing7_1_1Increase in fire frequency/intensityUnknownUnknownOngoing5_2_1Intentional use (species is the target)Slow, Significant DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing2_1_2Small-holder farmingOngoing2_2_2Agro-industry plantationsOngoing2_3_2Small-holder grazing, ranching or farmingOngoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
The major threats affecting this species include over-collecting for ornamental purposes and habitat destruction due to current and future coastal developments and agricultural expansion. A high burning frequency of grassland habitats also destroys many seedlings.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
13_3Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand Dunes1_6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry4_5Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is listed in Appendix I of the CITES Appendices. Subpopulations of Encephalartos ferox are present in the Isimangaliso Wetland Park and Tembe Elephant Park in South Africa and in the Maputo Special Reserve and the Pomene National Reserve in Mozambique. An education and awareness programme as well as the long-term monitoring of subpopulations will support the conservation of this species.
Actions de conservation (4)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_2Resource & habitat protection4_3Awareness & communications5_4_1International level5_4_2National level
Stress écologiques (11)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_3Indirect ecosystem effects2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality
Usage & commerce (2)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
13Pets/display animals, horticultureinternationalnational16Establishing ex-situ production *national
Priorités de recherche (4)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends1_3Life history & ecology1_4Harvest, use & livelihoods3_1Population trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Afrotropical
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Formes de croissance
Cycad
Références bibliographiques (8)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
- Rousseau, P., Vorster, P.J., Afonso, A.V. and Van Wyk, A.E. 2015. Taxonomic notes on <i>Encephalartos ferox</i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), with the description of a new subspecies from Mozambique. <i>Phytotaxa</i> 204(2): 99-115.
- Capela, P. 2006. <i>Speculations on the </i>Encephalartos species<i> of Mozambique</i>. Pedro Capela, Chimoio, Mozambique.
- Izidine, S. and Bandeira, S.O. 2002. Mozambique. In: J.S. Golding (ed.), <i>Southern African Plant Red Data Lists</i>, pp. 43-60. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 14. SABONET, Pretoria.
- Coates Palgrave, K. (Coates Palgrave, M. - revised & updated). 2002. <i>Trees of Southern Africa. Third Edition</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
- Scott-Shaw, C.R. 1999. <i>Rare and Threatened Plants of KwaZulu-Natal and Neighbouring Regions</i>. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Services, Pietermaritzburg.
- Hill, K.D. and Stevenson, D.W. 1998 - 2006. The Cycad Pages. Available at: <a href="http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/index.html">http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/index.html</a>.
- Osborne, R. 1987. Focus on <i>Encephalartos ferox</i>. <i>Encephalartos</i> 9: 14-21.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (2)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Donaldson, J.S., Matimele, H.A., Raimondo, D., Bandeira, S., Burrows, J.E., Darbyshire, I., Massingue, A.O. & Timberlake, J.
evaluator
von Staden, L.
Donaldson, J.S., Matimele, H.A., Raimondo, D., Bandeira, S., Burrows, J.E., Darbyshire, I., Massingue, A.O. & Timberlake, J. 2022. Encephalartos ferox. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41943A51054622. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Consulter sur les bases externes
Observations & statuts
Cartographie
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (1)— redirigent vers cette page
- Encephalartos kosiensisHutch.
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).