Waterberg Cycad

Encephalartos eugene-maraisiiI.Verd.

Plante

ENLR Monde (IUCN)

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Filtrer le graphe par contexte spatialPays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

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Calcul du tissu écologique de Encephalartos eugene-maraisii.

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Liste rouge IUCN

EN · En dangercritères A2ad+4ad; B1ab(v)↘Décroissante

Évaluation complète

Évaluation: 2022 · v3.1
Altitude: 1400 – 1500 m
Profondeur: – m

État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert

This species comprises small scattered subpopulations, with poaching of plants having resulted in individuals being far from one another in certain cases. Nature conservation officials undertook helicopter surveys in 2004 and counted 982 plants in 12 localities. This is regarded as a slight underestimate due to poor visibility at the time of surveying. A ground survey of the main locality in 2008 indicated the presence of 623 plants consisting of single and multi-stemmed plants. This survey was done on a reserve with the highest density of this species. A partial repeat survey done in January 2011 indicated that 217 plants were missing from this reserve when the surveys of 2008 and 2011 are compared. This comprises >50% of the plants in the subsample.

The figure of 982 plants given for the helicopter survey in 2004 is for the total number of large stems and suckers counted. The number of multi-stemmed adult plants counted was 456. A helicopter survey in 2020 counted considerably less, confirming the ongoing decline. The helicopter surveys have, however, shown to give a fairly large underestimate. The total number of adult plants is estimated to be 400-620 plants in the wild.

Menaces identifiées(1 menace classée CMP-IUCN)

5_2_1
Intentional use (species is the target)
UnknownUnknownOngoing

Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert

Encephalartos eugene-maraisii is severely threatened due to over-collecting for ornamental purposes and this could lead to reproductive failure. Indeed, there is no evidence of any recruitment into the population over the last 20 years.

A total of 217 plants were missing from a reserve when the surveys of 2008 and 2011 are compared. Another report estimates that as many as 1,000 stems had been removed from this reserve after the survey in 2008. However, the poaching of these plants has recently dropped off dramatically (S. Rodgers pers. comm. 2020).

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

2_1Savanna - Dry
4_5Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)

Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert

This species is listed in Appendix I of the CITES Appendices. Plants are protected within the boundaries of the Marakele National Park and the Entabeni Private Game Reserve and also in the Sterkrivier Training Area of the South African National Defence Force. The latter is a Natural Heritage Site. An education and awareness programme as well as the long-term monitoring of subpopulations will support the conservation of this species.

Actions de conservation (2)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert

1_1Site/area protection
4_3Awareness & communications

Stress écologiques (4)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert

2_1Species mortality
2_3_6Skewed sex ratios
2_3_7Reduced reproductive success
2_3_8Other

Usage & commerce (2)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert

13Pets/display animals, horticulture
internationalnational
16Establishing ex-situ production *
national

Priorités de recherche (4)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert

1_2Population size, distribution & trends
1_3Life history & ecology
1_6Actions
3_1Population trends

Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Afrotropical

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Formes de croissance

CycadTree - large

Références bibliographiques (7)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert

IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
Government Gazette. 2016. Biodiversity Management Plan for 11 Critically Endangered and 4 Endangered Encephalartos species. Government Gazette 40793.
Grobbelaar, N. 2002. CYCADS - with special reference to the southern African species. Privately published by Nat Grobbelaar, Pretoria, South Africa.
Goode, D. 2001. Cycads of Africa. D & E Cycads of Africa, Gallo Manor, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Goode, D. 1989. Cycads of Africa. Struik Winchester, Cape Town.
Osborne, R. 1989. Focus on Encephalartos eugene-maraisii. Encephalartos 17: 3-13.

Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert

assessor

Bösenberg, J.D.

contributor

Rodgers, S. & Donaldson, J.S.

evaluator

Donaldson, J.S.

⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.

Bösenberg, J.D. 2022. Encephalartos eugene-maraisii (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41904A243425983. Accessed on 05 May 2026.