Blyde River Cycad
Encephalartos cupidusR.A.Dyer
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Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Graphe en cours d’indexation
Calcul du tissu écologique de Encephalartos cupidus.
Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).
Liste rouge IUCN
CR · En danger critiquecritères A2acd+4acd; B1ab(ii,iii,v); C1+2a(i,ii)↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2022 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 700 – 1500 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
Despite occurring in a provincial nature reserve, severe declines have been observed for this species from estimates of 1,110 plants in 1984, to 861 plants in 1999 to approximately 50 plants when last surveyed (95% reduction). In 2004 the species was confirmed extinct in Limpopo province and now survives in small remnants in Mpumalanga province. These declines have been caused by poaching for horticultural/ornamental and medicinal purposes, and the species has been extirpated in two localities. There are unconfirmed reports of a previously undocumented subpopulation but the extent of this subpopulation and its status have yet to be verified (Government Gazette 2016).
Menaces identifiées(3 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
7_1_1Increase in fire frequency/intensityUnknownMajority (50-90%)Ongoing11_2DroughtsOngoing5_2_1Intentional use (species is the target)Very Rapid DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
This species has suffered greatly as a result of over-collecting for ornamental purposes. Due to the small number of plants in the wild, reproductive failure is quite possible in the future. Droughts and fires also cause high mortality among the seedlings.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry2_1Savanna - Dry3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry4_5Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is listed in Appendix I of the CITES Appendices and it is listed on the Threatened or Protected Species lists for South Africa. As part of TOPS regulations, a biodiversity management plan was published in 2017. Most of the remaining plants are found within the Blyderivierspoort Nature Reserve. An education and awareness programme as well as the long-term monitoring of the population will support the conservation of this species.
Actions de conservation (3)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
2_1Site/area management3_4_1Captive breeding/artificial propagation4_3Awareness & communications
Stress écologiques (4)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality2_3_8Other
Usage & commerce (2)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
13Pets/display animals, horticultureinternationalnational3Medicine - human & veterinarysubsistance
Priorités de recherche (4)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends1_3Life history & ecology1_6Actions3_1Population trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Afrotropical
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Formes de croissance
CycadShrub - smallTree - small
Références bibliographiques (11)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
- IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
- Government Gazette. 2016. Biodiversity Management Plan for 11 Critically Endangered and 4 Endangered <i>Encephalartos</i> species. <i>Government Gazette</i> 40793.
- Scientific Authority. 2016. <i>Non-Detriment Findings</i>. Government Gazette, Department of Environmental Affairs.
- Scientific Authority. 2013. <i>National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (10/2004): Non-detriment findings</i>. Government Printer, Pretoria.
- Emery, A.J., Lötter, M. and Williamson, S.D. 2002. Determining the conservation value of land in Mpumalanga. Available at: <a href="http://www.dwaf.gov.za/sfra/SEA/usutu-mhlathuze%20wma/Biophysical%20Component/Mpumalanga%20Biobase.pdf">http://www.dwaf.gov.za/sfra/SEA/usutu-mhlathuze%20wma/Biophysical%20Component/Mpumalanga%20Biobase.pdf</a>.
- Cycad Society of South Africa. 2001-2006. Species Pages. Available at: <a href="http://www.cycadsociety.org/species_list.html">http://www.cycadsociety.org/species_list.html</a>.
- Goode, D. 2001. <i>Cycads of Africa</i>. D & E Cycads of Africa, Gallo Manor, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Donaldson, J.S. 1995. Understanding cycad life histories- an essential basis for conservation. In: Donaldson, J.S. (ed.), <i>Cycad Conservation in South Africa- Issues, actions and priorities</i>, pp. 8-13. Cycad Society of South Africa.
- Slabbert, R. and Hurter, J. 1993. Focus on <i>Encephalartos cupidus</i>. <i>Encephalartos</i> 36: 5-10.
- Goode, D. 1989. <i>Cycads of Africa</i>. Struik Winchester, Cape Town.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Bösenberg, J.D.
contributor
Steyn, T. & Donaldson, J.S.
evaluator
Donaldson, J.S.
⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.
Bösenberg, J.D. 2022. Encephalartos cupidus (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41884A243425210. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Consulter sur les bases externes
Observations & statuts
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