Alexandria Cycad
Encephalartos arenariusR.A.Dyer
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Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Graphe en cours d’indexation
Calcul du tissu écologique de Encephalartos arenarius.
Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).
Liste rouge IUCN
EN · En dangercritères A2acd; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C1↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2022 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 100 – 200 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
The population size of Encephalartos arenarius is estimated to be 850-1,500 mature individuals. Most plants occur in the dense dune vegetation that is difficult to survey. Scattered individuals occur in agricultural lands and cleared dunes. An updated population size estimate is urgently needed for this species. This will form part of the Biodiversity Management Plan for this species.
Menaces identifiées(3 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
1_1Housing & urban areasRapid DeclinesMinority (<50%)Past, Unlikely to Return2_3_3Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farmingRapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing5_2_1Intentional use (species is the target)Rapid DeclinesWhole (>90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
The major threat to this species is removal by collectors. This has been the main cause of decline over the past 50 years. Some have also been destroyed by habitat destruction (bush clearing to make way for pastures) but this has not been a major driver over the past several decades.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
13_3Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand Dunes1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry14_2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is listed in Appendix I of the CITES Appendices. Subpopulations occur within the boundaries of the expanded Addo National Park (formerly the Woody Cape Nature Reserve). Long-term monitoring of subpopulations will support the conservation of this species.
Actions de conservation (2)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_2Resource & habitat protection4_3Awareness & communications
Stress écologiques (5)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality
Usage & commerce (3)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
13Pets/display animals, horticultureinternationalnational16Establishing ex-situ production *national3Medicine - human & veterinarysubsistance
Priorités de recherche (5)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends1_3Life history & ecology1_4Harvest, use & livelihoods1_6Actions3_1Population trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Afrotropical
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Formes de croissance
CycadShrub - large
Références bibliographiques (8)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
- IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
- Government Gazette. 2016. Biodiversity Management Plan for 11 Critically Endangered and 4 Endangered <i>Encephalartos</i> species. <i>Government Gazette</i> 40793.
- Tait, A. 2010. An account of Eastern Cape cycads in habitat. <i>Encephalartos</i> 100: 35-43.
- Coates Palgrave, K. (Coates Palgrave, M. - revised & updated). 2002. <i>Trees of Southern Africa. Third edition</i>. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
- Goode, D. 2001. <i>Cycads of Africa</i>. D & E Cycads of Africa, Gallo Manor, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Goode, D. 1989. <i>Cycads of Africa</i>. Struik Winchester, Cape Town.
- Kemp, M. 1987. Focus on <i>Encephalartos arenarius</i>. <i>Encephalartos</i> 11: 4 - 7.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Bösenberg, J.D.
contributor
Donaldson, J.S.
evaluator
Donaldson, J.S.
⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.
Bösenberg, J.D. 2022. Encephalartos arenarius (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41900A243422834. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Consulter sur les bases externes
Observations & statuts
Cartographie