Ontologia

Commune · ZAF

Buffalo City

South Africa

CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(71 %)

Species observed

5 163

Observations

219 527

Area

2 531,6km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 39 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Buffalo City : 36 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 35 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 4.7%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 3 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
39
Interactions affichées
35
Connectance
0.047
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

5 163 distinct species · 219 527 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

219 527 obs · 69 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 72 396
10 321–72 395
1 034–10 320
403–1 033
< 403

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

18,2°C

Annual rain

818mm

Warmest m°

25,8°C

Coldest m°

10,0°C

Elevation: 292 m on average (min -24 m, max 1 201 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
18,2°C
Annual rain
818mm
Warmest month
25,8°C
Coldest month
10,0°C
Mean alt.
292m
Min
-24m
Max
1 201m
Std. dev.
200m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(71 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,1

Org. C

27,8g/kg

Clay

26,0%

Sand

45,3%

Silt

28,7%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: vbGLiMaggregated to Buffalo City

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
39,0g/kg
Clay
23,1%
Sand
47,5%
Silt
29,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,1
Org. C
26,9g/kg
Clay
23,7%
Sand
47,1%
Silt
29,2%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,1
Org. C
17,4g/kg
Clay
31,4%
Sand
41,3%
Silt
27,4%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest26.0%
Crops11.6%
Built-up2.2%
Bare soil0.9%
Other (grassland, water…)59.3%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology9 basins · 10 lakes · 16 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

475,5km

Lake surface here

12,03km²

Basins crossed

9

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

2 708km²

Discharge in basins

11,0m³/s

Mean precip.

706mm/an

Mean T°

17,8°C

Moisture idx

-0,41

Mean runoff

175mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

362m

Watersheds crossing here

Lakes (10, top by area)

1 more lakes

Rivers / streams (16, ord ≥ 4)

4 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

2hab/km²

Night light

1,3nW

Built-up

223,8%

Pesticides

16,6kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas11

IUCN Not Reported · 11🌊 Marine · 1
Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations19