Ontologia

Municipality · NLD

Arnhem

Netherlands

CfbTemperate, no dry season, warm summer(100 %)

Species observed

8 160

Observations

487 064

Area

102km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 33 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Arnhem : 20 espèces reliées par 87 interactions GloBI sur 7 types (connectance 15.5%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 14 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
34
Interactions affichées
87
Connectance
0.155
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

8 160 distinct species · 487 064 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

487 064 obs · 3 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 202 013
202 013–202 012
202 013–202 012
197 130–202 012
< 197 130

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

10,0°C

Annual rain

934mm

Warmest m°

21,9°C

Coldest m°

0,2°C

Elevation: 35 m on average (min 8 m, max 87 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
10,0°C
Annual rain
934mm
Warmest month
21,9°C
Coldest month
0,2°C
Mean alt.
35m
Min
8m
Max
87m
Std. dev.
21m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfbTemperate, no dry season, warm summer(100 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

4,9

Org. C

54,6g/kg

Clay

9,3%

Sand

71,1%

Silt

19,6%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: suGLiM

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
4,7
Org. C
94,3g/kg
Clay
9,1%
Sand
71,1%
Silt
19,7%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,0
Org. C
41,4g/kg
Clay
9,4%
Sand
71,1%
Silt
19,6%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,0
Org. C
28,2g/kg
Clay
9,4%
Sand
71,0%
Silt
19,7%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest34.9%
Crops15.6%
Built-up5.3%
Bare soil0.6%
Other (grassland, water…)43.6%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology4 basins · 4 lakes · 3 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

17,0km

Lake surface here

0,93km²

Basins crossed

4

Max stream order

7

Max drainage

160 476km²

Discharge in basins

165,6m³/s

Mean precip.

786mm/an

Mean T°

9,4°C

Moisture idx

0,12

Max snow

16%

Mean runoff

451mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

13m

Watersheds crossing here

Lakes (4, top by area)

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

8hab/km²

Night light

7,8nW

Built-up

530,9%

Pesticides

59,6kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas9

IUCN Not Reported · 4IUCN IV · 2IUCN II · 2IUCN Not Assigned · 1

NNN-GE

IUCN Not Assigned

Nature Reserves owned by professional nature management organizations · 2014

1 406 km²

Veluwe

IUCN IV

Nature Conservation Act · 2000

885 km²

Veluwe

IUCN Not Reported

Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2000

885 km²

Veluwe

IUCN Not Reported

Special Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2014

884 km²

Rijntakken

IUCN IV

Nature Conservation Act · 2014

231 km²

Rijntakken

IUCN Not Reported

Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 1996

231 km²

Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN