Santuario per i Mammiferi Marini
IUCN IVInternational significance Natural Marine Area · 1999
23 736 km²
Department · FRA
Alpes-Maritimes
France
CsbTemperate, dry summer, warm summer(37 %)
Species observed
26 673
Observations
3 698 038
Area
4 320km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 29 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Alpes-Maritimes : 18 espèces reliées par 115 interactions GloBI sur 5 types (connectance 26.4%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 12 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
30
Interactions affichées
115
Connectance
0.264
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
26 673 distinct species · 3 698 038 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
8,7°C
Annual rain
1 184mm
Warmest m°
21,7°C
Coldest m°
-4,1°C
Elevation: 1 117 m on average (min -199 m, max 2 772 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
8,7°C
Annual rain
1 184mm
Warmest month
21,7°C
Coldest month
-4,1°C
Mean alt.
1 117m
Min
-199m
Max
2 772m
Std. dev.
666m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsbTemperate, dry summer, warm summer(37 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
57,1g/kg
Clay
24,8%
Sand
31,7%
Silt
43,5%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: scGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
88,5g/kg
Clay
24,5%
Sand
31,7%
Silt
43,8%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
48,3g/kg
Clay
24,4%
Sand
31,7%
Silt
43,9%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
34,5g/kg
Clay
25,5%
Sand
31,7%
Silt
42,8%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest34.6%
Crops1.9%
Built-up1.5%
Bare soil7.9%
Other (grassland, water…)54.2%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology18 basins · 4 lakes · 100 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
1 071,9km
Lake surface here
0,62km²
Basins crossed
18
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
2 825km²
Discharge in basins
220,9m³/s
Mean precip.
949mm/an
Mean T°
9,2°C
Moisture idx
0,17
Max snow
37%
Mean runoff
626mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
1 079m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin du Loupsub-area1 254,8 km²overlap831.59 km²19%
- Bassin de la Tinéesub-area744 km²overlap740.78 km²17%
- Bassin de la Royasub-area673,9 km²overlap601.84 km²14%
- Bassin de l'Estéronsub-area450,1 km²overlap395.26 km²9%
- Bassin de la Vésubiesub-area386,3 km²overlap386.57 km²9%
- Bassin du Paillonsub-area410,9 km²overlap380.88 km²9%
- Bassin du Varsub-area415,9 km²overlap372.81 km²9%
- Bassin du Varsub-area429,9 km²overlap343.45 km²8%
- Bassin du Varsub-area124,2 km²overlap124.38 km²3%
9 more basinssorted by overlap
- Bassin du Verdonsub-area2 238,8 km²overlap79.63 km²2%
- Bassin du Varsub-area23 km²overlap23.04 km²1%
- Bassin de Stura di Demontesub-area614 km²overlap13.05 km²0%
- Bassin de Torrente Gesso della Vallettasub-area554,3 km²overlap10.66 km²0%
- Bassin du Varsub-area9,6 km²overlap9.66 km²0%
- Bassin de Torrente Argentinasub-area899,1 km²overlap3.71 km²0%
- Bassin de Tanarosub-area1 780,5 km²overlap1.90 km²0%
- Bassin de l'Ubayesub-area1 002 km²overlap0.55 km²0%
- Bassin de la Vaïresub-area242,6 km²overlap0.23 km²0%
Lakes (4, top by area)
Rivers / streams (100, ord ≥ 4)
- Le Varord 4len here133.74 km91%total147 km
- La Tinéeord 3len here79.87 km100%total80 km
- L'Estéronord 3len here64.97 km95%total69 km
- Le Loupord 3len here52.49 km100%total52 km
- La Royaord 3len here39.18 km78%total50 km
- La Vésubieord 3len here29.52 km100%total29 km
- La Bévéraord 3len here25.91 km73%total36 km
- La Cagneord 2len here24.28 km100%total24 km
- Le Paillonord 3len here20.92 km100%total21 km
- Ciansord 3len here20.85 km100%total21 km
- Le Paillon de Contesord 2len here19.62 km100%total20 km
- La Bragueord 2len here16.34 km100%total16 km
88 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Vallon de Mollièresord 3len here15.11 km100%total15 km
- La Laneord 1len here14.07 km100%total14 km
- La Gordolasqueord 3len here14.06 km100%total14 km
- Le Malvanord 1len here13.10 km100%total13 km
- Vallon de Nansord 1len here12.94 km100%total13 km
- Canal de la Siagneord 2len here12.25 km87%total14 km
- La Siagneord 3len here12.01 km64%total19 km
- Le Boréonord 2len here11.50 km100%total11 km
- Rio Secord 2len here11.09 km100%total11 km
- Le Bouyonord 1len here10.92 km100%total11 km
- Ruisseau de Caïrosord 2len here10.39 km100%total10 km
- Torrent de Gialorguesord 2len here9.19 km100%total9 km
- La Mourachonneord 2len here9.16 km100%total9 km
- Chastillonord 1len here9.06 km100%total9 km
- Vallon d'Anguironord 1len here8.56 km100%total9 km
- La Barlatteord 1len here8.56 km100%total9 km
- Vallon de Saint-Blaiseord 2len here8.46 km100%total8 km
- Le Tuébiord 2len here8.08 km100%total8 km
- Ruisseau de Vionèneord 1len here7.99 km100%total8 km
- Le Rieu Tortord 1len here7.98 km75%total11 km
- Vallon du Fournèsord 1len here7.42 km100%total7 km
- Ruisseau de Valmasqueord 1len here7.18 km100%total7 km
- Vallon de Cavierord 1len here7.08 km100%total7 km
- Vallon de la Minièreord 1len here7.03 km100%total7 km
- Vallon de Morignoleord 2len here6.96 km100%total7 km
- Le Riouord 2len here6.93 km100%total7 km
- Vallon de Lamentargheord 1len here6.91 km100%total7 km
- Le Béalord 3len here6.55 km100%total7 km
- Vallon de Challandreord 2len here6.53 km100%total7 km
- Torrent de la Louvièreord 1len here6.47 km100%total6 km
- La Fayeord 2len here6.38 km100%total6 km
- Le Magnanord 1len here6.33 km100%total6 km
- Vallon des Moutonsord 3len here6.24 km100%total6 km
- Le Careïord 2len here6.11 km100%total6 km
- Ruisseau du Vallon des Gourgsord 3len here6.10 km73%total8 km
- Le Laghetord 1len here6.03 km100%total6 km
- Vallon de Saint-Antoninord 2len here5.96 km100%total6 km
- Vallon de Conchasord 1len here5.92 km100%total6 km
- Canal d'arrosage de Sarsaord 1len here5.76 km100%total6 km
- Valon d'Antonyord 1len here5.67 km100%total6 km
- Ravin des Pellégrinsord 3len here5.61 km100%total6 km
- Vallon de la Magliaord 1len here5.38 km100%total5 km
- La Petite Frayèreord 1len here5.35 km100%total5 km
- Le Riouord 1len here5.27 km98%total5 km
- Vallon de Saint-Christopheord 1len here5.22 km100%total5 km
- La Grande Frayèreord 2len here5.03 km98%total5 km
- La Lévensaord 3len here4.94 km100%total5 km
- Ruisseau de la Caussinièraord 1len here4.89 km100%total5 km
- Ruisseau de l'Infernetord 2len here4.84 km100%total5 km
- Riou de Cuebrisord 3len here4.76 km100%total5 km
- Siagnole d'Escragnollesord 1len here4.72 km68%total7 km
- Riou de l'Argentièreord 1len here4.66 km49%total9 km
- Vallon de Lacombeord 1len here4.49 km100%total4 km
- Torrent de la Cévaord 1len here4.46 km100%total4 km
- Riolanord 2len here4.39 km75%total6 km
- Peyronord 1len here4.39 km100%total4 km
- Ruisseau du Rivetord 1len here4.37 km100%total4 km
- Ruisseau de Petazziord 1len here4.36 km100%total4 km
- La Valmasqueord 1len here4.36 km100%total4 km
- Ruisseau de Passes d'Albéraord 2len here4.35 km100%total4 km
- La Siagneord 2len here4.29 km97%total4 km
- Le Caïnéord 3len here4.22 km100%total4 km
- Le Bourdousord 1len here4.21 km100%total4 km
- Ruisseau de la Coumbaord 2len here4.19 km100%total4 km
- Torrent de Gorbioord 1len here4.15 km100%total4 km
- Torrent de Sestrièreord 1len here3.97 km100%total4 km
- Riou d'Auronord 1len here3.90 km100%total4 km
- Vallon d'Aigue Blancheord 1len here3.88 km100%total4 km
- Le Rioord 1len here3.87 km100%total4 km
- L'Espaillartord 1len here3.83 km100%total4 km
- Trou des Corneillesord 1len here3.76 km100%total4 km
- Vallon de la Madoneord 1len here3.74 km100%total4 km
- Le Borrigoord 1len here3.73 km100%total4 km
- Vallon de Mergilord 1len here3.70 km100%total4 km
- Vallon de la Tuilièreord 2len here3.68 km100%total4 km
- Torrent de Cianavelleord 1len here3.65 km100%total4 km
- L'Artubyord 3len here3.62 km7%total51 km
- Riou de Gourdonord 2len here3.58 km100%total4 km
- Vallon de Duranusord 3len here3.57 km100%total4 km
- Ravin de Muretord 1len here3.54 km100%total4 km
- Torrent de Mairolaord 1len here3.45 km100%total3 km
- Riu de Barord 1len here3.45 km100%total3 km
- Torrent de La Sagneord 1len here3.45 km92%total4 km
- Vallon de Casterinoord 2len here3.43 km100%total3 km
- L'Archasord 2len here3.41 km100%total3 km
- Le Vallonord 1len here3.37 km100%total3 km
- Ruisseau de Redebrausord 2len here3.37 km100%total3 km
- Ruisseau des Carbonièresord 1len here3.32 km100%total3 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
2hab/km²
Night light
2,2nW
Built-up
149,5%
Pesticides
30,4kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas86
IUCN Not Reported · 45IUCN IV · 34IUCN V · 3IUCN Ia · 3IUCN II · 1🌊 Marine · 12
Périmètre De Protection De La Réserve Naturelle De Géologique De Digne Les Bains
IUCN IVProtected perimeter around a national nature reserve · 1989
2 318 km²
Verdon
IUCN VRegional Nature Park · 1997
1 923 km²
Mercantour [Aire D\'Adhésion]
IUCN VNational Park - Buffer zone/Area of adhesion · 1979
1 122 km²
Préalpes D’Azur
IUCN VRegional Nature Park · 2012
968 km²
Le Mercantour
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2014
680 km²
Complete list86 protected areas
- Santuario per i Mammiferi MariniInternational significance Natural Marine AreaIUCN IV199923 736 km²
- Périmètre De Protection De La Réserve Naturelle De Géologique De Digne Les BainsProtected perimeter around a national nature reserveIUCN IV19892 318 km²
- VerdonRegional Nature ParkIUCN V19971 923 km²
- Mercantour [Aire D\'Adhésion]National Park - Buffer zone/Area of adhesionIUCN V19791 122 km²
- Préalpes D’AzurRegional Nature ParkIUCN V2012968 km²
- Le MercantourSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2014680 km²
- Le MercantourSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2018679 km²
- MercantourNational Park - Core AreaIUCN II1979679 km²
- Alte Valli Stura e MairaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2006420 km²
- Alpi MarittimeSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2006337 km²
- Alpi MarittimeSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2017337 km²
- Parco naturale delle Alpi MarittimeRegional/Provincial Nature ParkIUCN IV1995279 km²
- Préalpes de GrasseSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2018231 km²
- EntraunesSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2014198 km²
- Préalpes de GrasseSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2014182 km²
- EsterelSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2014151 km²
- Massif du Lauvet d'Ilonse et des Quatre Cantons - Dome de Barrot - Gorges du CiansSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2015151 km²
- Baie et cap d'Antibes - îles de LerinsSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2014136 km²
- Alte Valli Pesio e TanaroSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2006113 km²
- Alte Valli Pesio e TanaroSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2017113 km²
- Cap FerratSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201590 km²
- Parco naturale della Alta Valle Pesio e TanaroRegional/Provincial Nature ParkIUCN IV197867 km²
- Marguareis - La Brigue - Fontan - SaorgeSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported200763 km²
- Grand CoyerSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201462 km²
- Gruppo del TenibresSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201755 km²
- Gorges de la SiagneSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201049 km²
- Vallée du Carei - collines de CastillonSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201048 km²
- Brec d'UtelleSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201539 km²
- Monte Saccarello - Monte FrontéSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201539 km²
- Rivière et gorges du LoupSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201436 km²
- Sites à chauves souris - Castellet-Les-Sausses et Gorges de DaluisSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201034 km²
- Monte Toraggio - Monte PietravecchiaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201526 km²
- Monte Grammondo - Torrente BeveraSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201726 km²
- Toraggio - GerbonteSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200026 km²
- Sites à chauves souris de Breil-sur-RoyaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201425 km²
- Monte GerbonteSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201523 km²
- Gorges de la Vésubie et du Var - mont Vial - mont FérionSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201521 km²
- Cap MartinSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201619 km²
- Colle e Lago della Maddalena, Val PuriacSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201718 km²
- Sites à chauves souris de la Haute TinéeSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201118 km²
- Corniches de la RivièraSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201016 km²
- Testa d'Alpe - AltoSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200016 km²
- Gouta - Testa d'Alpe - Valle BarbairaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201715 km²
- Mont ChajolSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported200714 km²
- Massif de l\'esterelLand acquired by Conservatoire du Littoral (national seaside and lakeside conservancy)IUCN IV199814 km²
- Gorges De DaluisRegional Nature ReserveIUCN IV201211 km²
- La BendolaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201011 km²
- Saccarello - GarlendaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200010 km²
- Monte AbellioSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20177 km²
- Cheiron (Du)Forest Integral Biological ReserveIUCN Ia20187 km²
- Basse Vallée du VarSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20186 km²
- Vallone di Orgials - Colle della LombardaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20175 km²
- Roche GrandeNational Park - Integrale ReserveIUCN Ia20215 km²
- Vallons obscurs en rive gauche de la basse vallée du VarBiotope Protection OrderIUCN IV20205 km²
- Vallons obscurs de Nice et de Saint BlaiseSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20125 km²
- Tête D\'AlpeForest Integral Biological ReserveIUCN Ia20144 km²
- Sites à Spéléomantes de RoquebillièreSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20154 km²
- Falaises De La RivieraBiotope Protection OrderIUCN IV20124 km²
- auronLand acquired by a regional conservatory of natural areasIUCN IV20244 km²
- Cheiron (Du)Forest Managed Biological ReserveIUCN IV20182 km²
+ 26 protected areas (top 60 shown)
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN
Sub-administrations143
- AmiratCommune
- AndonCommune
- AntibesCommune
- Antibes-BiotSubdivision
- AscrosCommune
- AspremontCommune
- AuvareCommune
- BairolsCommune
- Beaulieu-sur-MerCommune
- BeausoleilCommune
- BelvédèreCommune
- BendejunCommune
- Berre-les-AlpesCommune
- BeuilCommune
- BlausascCommune
- BouyonCommune
- Breil-sur-RoyaCommune
- BriançonnetCommune
- Bézaudun-les-AlpesCommune
- CabrisCommune
- Cagnes-sur-MerCommune
- Cagnes-sur-Mer-OuestSubdivision
- CailleCommune
- CannesCommune
- CantaronCommune
- Cap-d'AilCommune
- CarrosCommune
- CastagniersCommune
- CaussolsCommune
- Châteauneuf-GrasseCommune
- Châteauneuf-VillevieilleCommune
- Châteauneuf-d'EntraunesCommune
- CipièresCommune
- ClansCommune
- CoarazeCommune
- ColomarsCommune
- ConségudesCommune
- ContesCommune
- CourmesCommune
- CoursegoulesCommune
- CuébrisCommune
- DaluisCommune
- DrapCommune
- DuranusCommune
- EntraunesCommune
- EscragnollesCommune
- FontanCommune
- GarsCommune
- GattièresCommune
- GiletteCommune
- GrasseCommune
- Grasse-SudSubdivision
- GréolièresCommune
- GuillaumesCommune
- IlonseCommune
- IsolaCommune
- L'EscarèneCommune
- La Bollène-VésubieCommune
- La BrigueCommune
- La Croix-sur-RoudouleCommune
- La GaudeCommune
- La PenneCommune
- La Roquette-sur-SiagneCommune
- La Roquette-sur-VarCommune
- La TurbieCommune
- LantosqueCommune
- Le Bar-sur-LoupCommune
- Le CannetCommune
- Le MasCommune
- Le RouretCommune
- Le TignetCommune
- Les FerresCommune
- Les MujoulsCommune
- LevensCommune
- LieucheCommune
- LucéramCommune
- MalaussèneCommune
- Mandelieu-Cannes-OuestSubdivision
- MarieCommune
- MassoinsCommune
- MentonCommune
- Menton-EstSubdivision
- Menton-OuestSubdivision
- Mouans-SartouxCommune
- MouginsCommune
- NiceCommune
- Nice 13e CantonSubdivision
- OpioCommune
- PeilleCommune
- PeillonCommune
- PeymeinadeCommune
- PierlasCommune
- PierrefeuCommune
- Puget-RostangCommune
- Puget-ThéniersCommune
- PéoneCommune
- Revest-les-RochesCommune
- RigaudCommune
- RimplasCommune
- RoquebillièreCommune
- Roquefort-les-PinsCommune
- RoquesteronCommune
- Roquestéron-GrasseCommune
- RoubionCommune
- RoureCommune
- Saint-AubanCommune
- Saint-Cézaire-sur-SiagneCommune
- Saint-Dalmas-le-SelvageCommune
- Saint-Jean-Cap-FerratCommune
- Saint-Laurent-du-Var-Cagnes-sur-Subdivision
- Saint-Martin-VésubieCommune
- Saint-Martin-d'EntraunesCommune
- Saint-Martin-du-VarCommune
- Saint-Sauveur-sur-TinéeCommune
- Saint-Vallier-de-ThieyCommune
- Saint-Étienne-de-TinéeCommune
- SallagriffonCommune
- SaorgeCommune
- SauzeCommune
- SigaleCommune
- SospelCommune
- SpéracèdesCommune
- SéranonCommune
- TendeCommune
- ThiéryCommune
- ToudonCommune
- Tourette-du-ChâteauCommune
- TournefortCommune
- Tourrette-LevensCommune
- Tourrettes-sur-LoupCommune
- Touët-de-l'EscarèneCommune
- Touët-sur-VarCommune
- UtelleCommune
- ValbonneCommune
- ValdebloreCommune
- ValderoureCommune
- Vallauris-Antibes-OuestSubdivision
- VenansonCommune
- VenceCommune
- Villars-sur-VarCommune
- Villefranche-sur-MerCommune
- Villeneuve-d'EntraunesCommune
- ÈzeCommune
France-specific data (Phase 2)
ZNIEFF, Natura 2000, INPN protected spaces, BNV-D pesticides, Naïades water quality, SAFRAN fine climate, BRGM lithology — Layer FR to load in Phase 2.