Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 2018
1 131 km²
Commune · ZAF
Albert Luthuli
South Africa
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(92 %)
Species observed
3 048
Observations
69 761
Area
5 559,4km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 22 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Albert Luthuli : 21 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 14 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 6.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 1 bulle taxonomique (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
22
Interactions affichées
14
Connectance
0.061
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
3 048 distinct species · 69 761 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
15,3°C
Annual rain
853mm
Warmest m°
24,1°C
Coldest m°
3,3°C
Elevation: 1 460 m on average (min 741 m, max 1 889 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
15,3°C
Annual rain
853mm
Warmest month
24,1°C
Coldest month
3,3°C
Mean alt.
1 460m
Min
741m
Max
1 889m
Std. dev.
259m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(92 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
19,5g/kg
Clay
34,3%
Sand
46,7%
Silt
19,0%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Gert Sibande
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
25,5g/kg
Clay
33,0%
Sand
47,5%
Silt
19,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
19,4g/kg
Clay
33,8%
Sand
47,1%
Silt
19,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
13,6g/kg
Clay
36,0%
Sand
45,4%
Silt
18,5%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest16.3%
Crops17.6%
Built-up0.4%
Bare soil2.3%
Other (grassland, water…)63.4%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology20 basins · 38 lakes · 17 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
681,8km
Lake surface here
29,20km²
Basins crossed
20
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
7 155km²
Discharge in basins
91,9m³/s
Mean precip.
934mm/an
Mean T°
15,8°C
Moisture idx
-0,32
Mean runoff
154mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
1 474m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area2 247,4 km²overlap1334.00 km²24%
- Bassin de Seekoeispruitsub-area823,3 km²overlap821.73 km²15%
- Bassin de Theespruitsub-area637,3 km²overlap620.90 km²11%
- Bassin de Vaalwaterspruitsub-area683,7 km²overlap505.15 km²9%
- Bassin de Mpuluzisub-area1 178,8 km²overlap479.08 km²9%
- Bassin de Boesman Riversub-area581,9 km²overlap464.78 km²8%
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area324,2 km²overlap323.05 km²6%
- Bassin de Lusushwanasub-area1 406,2 km²overlap274.26 km²5%
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area244,9 km²overlap228.59 km²4%
11 more basinssorted by overlap
- Bassin de Mlondozisub-area203,7 km²overlap172.08 km²3%
- Bassin de Mtsolisub-area295,2 km²overlap149.64 km²3%
- Basin #03470sub-area344,2 km²overlap82.55 km²1%
- Bassin de Usutusub-area881,7 km²overlap35.32 km²1%
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area44,3 km²overlap27.81 km²1%
- Bassin de Klein Olifantssub-area2 383,4 km²overlap19.04 km²0%
- Bassin de Elands Riversub-area1 577 km²overlap14.23 km²0%
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area1 069,5 km²overlap4.43 km²0%
- Basin #03550sub-area350,2 km²overlap2.00 km²0%
- Bassin de Lomati Riversub-area1 487,5 km²overlap0.44 km²0%
- Bassin de Noordkaap Riversub-area1 667,5 km²overlap0.31 km²0%
Lakes (38, top by area)
- Nooitgedachtdamarea7,2 km²avg depth11.0 m
- Vygeboom Damarea5,9 km²avg depth14.1 m
- Grootpanarea3,2 km²avg depth5.3 m
- Klippanarea2,1 km²avg depth5.5 m
- Lake #83269area1,6 km²avg depth4.2 m
- Lac 1418869area0,8 km²avg depth4.8 m
- Lac 1418852area0,6 km²avg depth4.0 m
- Lac 1418848area0,5 km²avg depth4.2 m
- Lac 1419105area0,4 km²avg depth4.4 m
29 more lakes
- Lac 1419013area0,4 km²avg depth4.0 m
- Lac 1418957area0,4 km²avg depth2.6 m
- Lac 1418911area0,4 km²avg depth3.5 m
- Lac 1418854area0,4 km²avg depth3.1 m
- Lac 1418846area0,4 km²avg depth3.6 m
- Lac 1418976area0,4 km²avg depth3.9 m
- Lac 1419039area0,3 km²avg depth4.4 m
- Lac 1419132area0,3 km²avg depth4.4 m
- Lac 1419063area0,3 km²avg depth3.6 m
- Lac 1418997area0,3 km²avg depth4.0 m
- Lac 1419001area0,3 km²avg depth3.4 m
- Lac 1418969area0,3 km²avg depth3.2 m
- Lac 1418868area0,2 km²avg depth3.5 m
- Lac 1418914area0,2 km²avg depth3.7 m
- Lac 1419060area0,2 km²avg depth1.9 m
- Lac 1419074area0,2 km²avg depth3.1 m
- Lac 1418930area0,2 km²avg depth3.0 m
- Lac 1418925area0,2 km²avg depth2.2 m
- Lac 1418862area0,2 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1419064area0,2 km²avg depth3.4 m
- Lac 1418870area0,2 km²avg depth2.5 m
- Lac 1418954area0,2 km²avg depth2.2 m
- Lac 1419010area0,2 km²avg depth2.6 m
- Lac 1418988area0,2 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1418857area0,2 km²avg depth2.3 m
- Lac 1418873area0,1 km²avg depth2.8 m
- Lac 1418953area0,1 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1418977area0,1 km²avg depth4.2 m
- Lac 1419057area0,1 km²avg depth3.8 m
Rivers / streams (17, ord ≥ 4)
- Komati Riverord 4len here259.86 km36%total724 km
- Mpuluziord 4len here76.89 km62%total124 km
- Boesman Riverord 3len here55.96 km100%total56 km
- Theespruitord 3len here54.10 km100%total54 km
- Seekoeispruitord 4len here45.43 km100%total45 km
- Buffelspruitord 3len here39.92 km100%total40 km
- Mlondoziord 2len here36.48 km100%total37 km
- Mtsoliord 3len here27.46 km88%total31 km
- Gladdespruitord 3len here26.35 km41%total64 km
- Boesmanspruitord 3len here11.01 km100%total11 km
- Phophenyaneord 3len here10.61 km100%total11 km
- Witkloofspruitord 3len here8.87 km100%total9 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,2nW
Built-up
39,0%
Pesticides
33,2kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas13
IUCN Not Reported · 11IUCN Not Applicable · 1IUCN II · 1
Chrissiesmeer Protected Environment
IUCN Not ReportedProtected Environment · 2014
568 km²
Songimvelo Game Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1983
553 km²
Malalotja Nature Reserve
IUCN IINature Reserve · 1972
163 km²
Nkomazi Wilderness
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 2001
57 km²
Nooitgedacht Dam Nature Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1996
30 km²
Complete list13 protected areas
- Barberton Makhonjwa MountainsWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed)IUCN Not Applicable20181 131 km²
- Chrissiesmeer Protected EnvironmentProtected EnvironmentIUCN Not Reported2014568 km²
- Songimvelo Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1983553 km²
- Malalotja Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN II1972163 km²
- Nkomazi WildernessNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported200157 km²
- Nooitgedacht Dam Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported199630 km²
- Oosterbeek Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported201719 km²
- Bewerwyk Private Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported195519 km²
- Paulina van Niekerk Private Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported196515 km²
- Maffia Private Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported196814 km²
- St Louis Private Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported196811 km²
- Rentia Kritzinger Private Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19687 km²
- Nelsberg ReserveForest Nature ReserveIUCN Not Reported20135 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN